Category Archives: Volume 20, no. 1 (2025)

Revisiting the Hossa-Värikallio Rock Painting: Towards a Theory of a Sámi Cosmological Landscape

Research at the Hossa-Värikallio rock painting which is the largest rock art location in north-east Finland has brought into focus a multitude of different figures that are dancing and thus, linking the site with a prehistoric shamanistic séance. The comparative research presented below has been undertaken in order to help broaden and strengthen earlier research undertaken by the author at the site in terms of bringing into focus additional parallels between certain figures and those illustrated within landscapes on Sámi noaidi drums from the seventeenth-century and other rock art landscapes in Finland.

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Líkamlegt ofbeldi af hendi foreldra/stjúpforeldra: Eðli og afdrif mála sem vísað hefur verið til rannsóknar hjá lögreglu af Barnavernd Reykjavíkur

Líkamlegt ofbeldi gagnvart börnum er óheimilt samkvæmt barnaverndarlögum og almennum hegningarlögum og getur verið refsivert. Markmiðið með þessari rannsókn var að kanna afdrif slíkra mála hjá lögreglu, en rannsókn af því tagi hefur ekki áður verið framkvæmd hér á landi og var því mikilvæg. Í reglugerð um málsmeðferð fyrir barnaverndarnefnd er tekið fram að ef grunur leikur á að alvarlegt refsivert brot hafi verið framið gagnvart barni, skuli barnaverndaryfirvöld að jafnaði óska rannsóknar lögreglu. Greind voru 113 mál barna sem vísað var til rannsóknar hjá lögreglu af hálfu Barnaverndar Reykjavíkur vegna gruns um líkamlegt ofbeldi af hálfu foreldra og/eða stjúpforeldra frá 2008 til 2023. Eðli málanna var kannað og afdrif þeirra hjá lögreglu og Barnavernd Reykjavíkur. Rannsókn þessi byggðist á innihaldsgreiningu gagna. Helstu niðurstöður sýna að 67% barnanna sem rannsóknin tók til voru af erlendum uppruna. Algengustu birtingarmyndir ofbeldisins voru að börnin hefðu verið lamin, slegin eða kýld. Gefin var út ákæra í 19% þeirra mála sem hafði verið vísað til rannsóknar hjá lögreglu og hlutu um 12% meintra gerenda dóm. Niðurstöður rannsóknarinnar eru meðal annars greindar út frá ólíku menningarlegu viðhorfi til líkamlegra refsinga og ofbeldis og vangaveltum um stöðu þeirra barna sem áfram bjuggu hjá foreldri sínu sem grunað var um alvarlegt ofbeldi gagnvart þeim þegar máli barnsins var lokað hjá barnavernd. Einnig er fjallað um hugsanlegar afleiðingar þess að mál barnanna, sem grunur leikur á að hafi verið beitt alvarlegu ofbeldi, hljóti ekki málsmeðferð fyrir dómstólum.

Physical abuse against children is illegal according to child protection laws and general criminal laws in Iceland, and can be penalized. The purpose of this study was to explore the consequences of such cases at the police. Such a study has not been conducted previously in Ieland and thus, was important. In a regulation about procedure for child prtoection, it is noted that if it is suspected that a serious criminal defence has been committed against a child, child protection services should generally request a police investigation. The researchers analysed 113 cases of children who had been referred to the police for investigation by child protection services in Reykjavik due to suspicion of physical abuse by their parents and/or stepparents from 2008 to 2023. The nature of the abuse was studied and final status of the cases at police and child protection services. The results of the study showed that 67% of the children were of foreign origin. The most common manifestations of abuse was that children had been hit, beaten or punched. Charges were issued regarding 19% of the children, and about 12% of the suspected perpetrators were sentenced. The analysis of the results include different cultural views on what constitutes physical punishment and physical abuse, as well as specualtions about the position of children that continue to live with their parents following case closure, that had been suspected to have seriously abused them. The possible consequences of the children‘s cases, suscpected to have been exposed to serious violence, not being processed in court is also discussed.

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A Little-known Diary across Italy and Europe: Oumei manyou riji and the Changed Representation of the Other in Diaries of the Republican Period

This article presents and analyses Oumei manyou riji 歐美漫遊日記 [Diary of a journey in Europe and the United States], a text composed by Chen Yifu 陳一甫 (1869–1948) and his son Chen Dayou 陳達有 (dates unknown). Touching upon the reciprocal representation between Italy and China, the article highlights the unique value Oumei manyou riji has mainly from two perspectives: it was written neither by a “scholar” in the most traditional sense of the term, nor by an official envoy, and it was published in a period in which diaries were no longer considered a primary source of information on the West.

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Criminal Responsibility for the Dissemination of Discrediting Materials Concerning the Armed Forces According to the Russian Criminal Code

This article considers criminal responsibility for the dissemination of discrediting materials of the armed forces of the Russian Federation. The academic paper is a legislative analysis of the law of the Russian Federation of 2022 prohibiting the „discreditation and dissemination of armed forces of the Russian Federation.” Based on the analysis of the elements of crime, the author puts forward a hypothesis about the controversial and subjective matter of the novelisation. The imprecise terminology and definitions of the discussed legal act introducing such criminal responsibility, allow the law enforcement agencies to punish any opinion which somehow differs from the official narration. In addition, the historical roots of this prohibition are considered. The article provides comprehensive review of the judicature practice of Russian courts.

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Il sogno del “pane grosso”: il caso de li panètt di Monte Sant’Angelo, tra pellegrinaggio e transumanza

In the pre-industrial era, the fear of not eating enough generated many compensatory myths, linked to fabulous visions of abundance, such as the “Land of Cockaigne”. In this regard, the custom of preparing bread in large loaves, in Italy, was typical of those communities whose living conditions were particularly poor and uncertain. It was the sign of a conservative attitude, linked to the values ​​of sacrifice, patience and saving. Many types of Italian “large bread” – such as Monte Sant’Angelo bread – have, not surprisingly, origins in rural and pastoral contexts, which are often connected to commercial and religious itineraries, where this “slowness” was a fact, not a conquest – as it’s today.

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Traduction, messianisme et éthique interculturelle entre déconstruction et reconstruction

The text discusses how a certain «messianic» aspect in translation can shed light on intercultural ethics. Through a comparison of the philosopher Walter Benjamin’s and Jacques Derrida’s approaches to both messianism and translation the objective is to highlight the difference between a deconstructive and a reconstructive approach to intercultural ethics. Given Derrida’s position in the literature on intercultural ethics, the comparison aims to discuss the topic of relations as essential to a reconstruction of intercultural ethics. Understood in its philosophical meaning beyond, but not in opposition to, the messianic theology, «messianic» thinking as well as its vocabulary can help us in articulating not just the deconstructive but also the reconstructive aspects of intercultural ethics.

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“Nature in a garb such as she wears nowhere else”: Ida Pfeiffer’s Journey to Iceland

This article analyses the account of Ida Pfeiffer’s itinerary in Iceland, A trip to Iceland and Scandinavia in 1845, the first travelogue written by a woman visiting this remote island, that develops a unique female gaze. Between an idealized vision of her destination and the scholarly aim of writing a detailed report of her itinerary, while travelling she gradually becomes aware of her position of outsider, both while interacting with the local people, the weird object of their puzzled attention; and as an observer of the Icelandic wilderness, gradually improving her competence as a scholar through her passionate field observation.

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Connected Disaster Risks: Wildfires and Climate Change in the Arctic

Wildfires are a threat in many parts of the world, including in the Arctic and Sub-Arctic as well as in Mediterranean countries. In recent years, wildfires in the Arctic and Sub-Arctic have received increased public attention. This text aims to raise awareness of the risk of wildfires, and the enhancement of this risk by climate change, in this part of the world.

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A Framework for Community Engagement

Protests, at times violent, following the May 25, 2020 murder of George Floyd by a Minneapolis police officer and several deaths of individuals resulting from encounters with police fueled a movement to change the way the police operate.  There were calls to defund the police (headcount/operational budgets) and remove certain responsibilities from law enforcement officers … Continue reading A Framework for Community Engagement

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Policing and the Police Function: What’s in a name?

This article calls for a renewed focus on the general assistance duties engrained in community policing, which brings the police officer into closer contact with the citizen. In this perspective, the essence of police work is to make society safer by tackling social problems. This supposes a number of preconditions. At the micro level, police training must be strengthened, so that competences like abstract thinking become more central. At the meso level, the connection between the police and other organizations that play a role in tackling current social issues must be improved. At the macro level, smart investments must be made in both the security domain and in related policy domains, such as health and poverty reduction. This is in line with the a shift towards a neo-Weberian perspective, where the government is more central in tackling social problems, without returning to a bureaucratic and strictly hierarchical way of thinking.

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Digital Community Policing as a Measure to Prevent Radicalization and Extremism

Digital Community Policing (DCP) is a novel strategy employed by the Berlin Police to counteract radicalization and extremism. This approach gained momentum following the 2016 terrorist attacks in Berlin, prompting a reorganization focused on combating violent radicalization, particularly in the digital realm where such behaviors increasingly occur. This paper assesses DCP’s effectiveness within these preventive frameworks and presents findings from a national evaluation of how German police forces have adopted and implemented DCP or similar concepts. The results underscore the critical role of digital community policing in contemporary law enforcement, especially for addressing extremism online.

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Leoluca Orlando and Costanze Reuscher, Enigma Palermo. La politica, la paura, il futuro. Storia di una città e del suo sindaco (Milan: Rizzoli, 2022)

Leoluca Orlando’s political career intertwines indissolubly with major Italian political, socials and judiciary events, not only but especially from Palermo, the capital of the island of Sicily, from the mid-1980s until the present time. The first part of Leoluca’s life takes place in his hometown, Palermo. He comes from a high-society family of the city, … Continue reading Leoluca Orlando and Costanze Reuscher, Enigma Palermo. La politica, la paura, il futuro. Storia di una città e del suo sindaco (Milan: Rizzoli, 2022)

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Jóhann Páll Árnason, Austur, vestur og aftur heim: Greinar um samfélagsheimspeki og siðmenningargreiningu (Hið íslenska bókmenntafélag, 2024)

East, West, and Home Again[1] Sociologist and philosopher Jóhann Páll Árnason, professor emeritus at La Trobe University in Melbourne, is one of Iceland’s most important academics and theorists ever in the humanities and social science. Árnason has left a deep mark on the international academic stage, and most notable in this regard is his re-conceptualization[2] … Continue reading Jóhann Páll Árnason, Austur, vestur og aftur heim: Greinar um samfélagsheimspeki og siðmenningargreiningu (Hið íslenska bókmenntafélag, 2024)

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Dorothée Cambou and Øyvind Ravna (eds.) The Significance of Sámi Rights: Law, Justice and Sustainability for the Indigenous Sámi in the Nordic Countries (Oxon: Routledge, 2024)

The Significance of Sámi Rights: Law, Justice and Sustainability for the Indigenous Sámi in the Nordic Countries is a collection of academic chapters examining international law regarding Indigenous Peoples and its implementation in Sápmi. The chief editors, Dorothée Cambou and Øyvind Ravna, continue their strong track record of excellent in research on Sámi rights and … Continue reading Dorothée Cambou and Øyvind Ravna (eds.) The Significance of Sámi Rights: Law, Justice and Sustainability for the Indigenous Sámi in the Nordic Countries (Oxon: Routledge, 2024)

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Francesca Dominello, State Apologies to Indigenous Peoples: Law, Politics, Ethics (Oxon: Routledge, 2025)

State Apologies to Indigenous Peoples is a comparative study of the State apologies to Indigenous Peoples in the countries now known as Canada and Australia. It draws from law, history, critical Indigenous studies, politics, and philosophy to deliver an interdisciplinary account of relevance to all these fields. The argument is presented over seven inter-related chapters. … Continue reading Francesca Dominello, State Apologies to Indigenous Peoples: Law, Politics, Ethics (Oxon: Routledge, 2025)

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Leena Heinämäki and Thora Martina Herrmann (eds.) Experiencing and Protecting Sacred Natural Sites of Sámi and other Indigenous Peoples. The Sacred Arctic (Cham: Springer, 2017)

The book “Protecting Indigenous Sacred Sites in the Arctic and Circumpolar North”, published with Springer Polar Science, offers a compelling exploration of the profound relationship between Indigenous communities and their Sacred Natural Sites (SNSs) in the Arctic. The editors Leena Heinämäki, University of Lapland, and Thora Martina Herrmann, Université de Montréal, bring together multidisciplinary perspectives … Continue reading Leena Heinämäki and Thora Martina Herrmann (eds.) Experiencing and Protecting Sacred Natural Sites of Sámi and other Indigenous Peoples. The Sacred Arctic (Cham: Springer, 2017)

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Leonardo Piccione, Insegnare a nuotare a una foca. Viaggio insolito nella lingua islandese (Milano: UTET, 2024)

This book is titled after an Icelandic proverb, “að kenna selnum að synda” (teaching a seal how to swim), and is labelled as an “unusual journey in the Icelandic language”. The main bookshop in my native town has placed it on the shelves of the Linguistics section. Actually, it is far from being a book … Continue reading Leonardo Piccione, Insegnare a nuotare a una foca. Viaggio insolito nella lingua islandese (Milano: UTET, 2024)

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Abstracts Collection of the 5th Sustainability Conference at the University of Akureyri, Iceland

The sustainability conference at the University of Akureyri (Iceland) at 11. April 2025 is celebrating its 5th anniversary. For the 5th time, we explore and address environmental and sustainability issues of local, national, and global relevance. This year, the conference comes with two exciting novelties. Firstly, the conference is for the first time co-hosted by the Stefansson Arctic Institute. The institute sponsors the first Stefansson Arctic Student award among self-nominated students who graduated at the BA, MA or PhD level at the University of Akureyri. The award is highlighting excellent student research in order to attract more talents to devote their time to research on sustainability and/or to conduct their research in a sustainable manner. Secondly, while in the past year the abstracts were published on the conference website and the recordings of talks were uploaded to social media (YouTube), this year, the abstracts of the conference are published in the peer-reviewed journal Nordicum-Mediterraneum. We see these developments together with an increased registration rate as evidence for the conference gaining momentum, not only because environmental issues and especially climate change are reaching the public awareness, but also because the continued efforts of the organisation committee since the first conference in 2020 to increase the quality and reach of the conference have been successful. The conference traditionally has a student session, which every year highlights the interest and/or involvement of students in making academic affairs more sustainable. This student session is also reflecting the tradition of the University of Akureyri within the Green Flag certification, where student involvement in sustainable practices leads to more environmentally friendly research, teaching, and more generally sustainable operations.

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720 Million Years of Arctic Globalization, from Snowball Earth to the Anthropocene: Insights from Paleohistory

This article extends our time horizon back 720 million years for a deep-historical examination of the interplay of geological, biological, and climatic dynamics to inform our understanding of Arctic globalization across the eons. Starting when Earth was entombed in ice during the Precambrian’s Cryogenian Period (“Snowball Earth”), and continuing through the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) of the Pleistocene (when waves of migrating humans found their way to/through the Arctic) to our own time of the Anthropocene and its polar thaw, we’ll gain new insights into the enduring centrality of Arctic globalization to the human story relevant to our own time.

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