{"id":26839,"date":"2023-12-19T15:00:56","date_gmt":"2023-12-19T15:00:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nome.unak.is\/wordpress\/?p=26839"},"modified":"2023-12-20T13:41:32","modified_gmt":"2023-12-20T13:41:32","slug":"rettindi-forsjarlauss-foreldris-veldur-afsal-a-forsja-til-barnaverndarthjonustu-rettindamissi-forsjarlauss-foreldris","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nome.unak.is\/wordpress\/volume-18-no-2-2023\/rettindi-forsjarlauss-foreldris-veldur-afsal-a-forsja-til-barnaverndarthjonustu-rettindamissi-forsjarlauss-foreldris\/","title":{"rendered":"R\u00e9ttindi forsj\u00e1rlauss foreldris: Veldur afsal \u00e1 forsj\u00e1 til barnaverndar\u00fej\u00f3nustu r\u00e9ttindamissi forsj\u00e1rlauss foreldris?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\t
\n\n\t\t<\/i><\/span> <\/a>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n

Inngangur<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foreldrajafnr\u00e9tti hefur veri\u00f0 greinarh\u00f6fundum ofarlega \u00ed huga \u00ed gegnum t\u00ed\u00f0ina. Miki\u00f0 hefur veri\u00f0 r\u00e6tt um foreldrajafnr\u00e9tti og \u00fe\u00e1 almennt um hversu mj\u00f6g hallar \u00e1 fe\u00f0ur. H\u00f6fund\u00adar hafa \u00ed st\u00f6rfum s\u00ednum s\u00e9\u00f0 a\u00f0 l\u00f6gin gera ekki greinarmun \u00e1 r\u00e9ttindum foreldra eftir kyni, a\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0ru leyti en \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 m\u00f3\u00f0ir, sem elur barn, fer ein me\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 vi\u00f0 f\u00e6\u00f0ingu \u00feess ef foreldrar eru ekki \u00ed hj\u00faskap e\u00f0a skr\u00e1\u00f0ri samb\u00fa\u00f0. \u00dea\u00f0 er hins vegar talsver\u00f0ur munur \u00e1 r\u00e9ttindum foreldra eftir \u00fev\u00ed hvort \u00feeir fara me\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 barns s\u00edns e\u00f0a ekki.<\/p>\n

Kveikjan a\u00f0 \u00feessari grein er m\u00e1l forsj\u00e1rlauss foreldris er h\u00f6fundar a\u00f0sto\u00f0u\u00f0u vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 leita r\u00e9ttar s\u00edns gagnvart barni s\u00ednu eftir a\u00f0 hitt foreldri\u00f0, sem f\u00f3r eitt me\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 barnsins, afsala\u00f0i forsj\u00e1nni til barnaverndar\u00adnefnd\u00adar (n\u00fa barnaverndar\u00fej\u00f3nustu). Um er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a talsver\u00f0a \u00ferautarg\u00f6ngu sem t\u00f3k nokkur \u00e1r \u00ed kerfinu og var sl\u00e1andi hversu l\u00edtil r\u00e9ttindi forsj\u00e1rlausa foreldri\u00f0 haf\u00f0i \u00ed raun. \u00dea\u00f0 st\u00f3\u00f0 uppi svo til r\u00e9ttlaust gagnvart barni s\u00ednu af \u00feeirri \u00e1st\u00ad\u00e6\u00f0u einni a\u00f0 forsj\u00e1rforeldri\u00f0 haf\u00f0i afsala\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 barnsins til barnaverndar\u00ad. \u00de\u00e1 t\u00f3k m\u00e1li\u00f0 talsvert langan t\u00edma fyrir d\u00f3mst\u00f3lum og voru \u00fdmsar hindranir \u00ed veginum sem ger\u00f0u foreldrinu erfitt um vik vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 f\u00e1 \u00farlausn sinna m\u00e1la.<\/p>\n

\u00cd greininni er leitast vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 svara \u00fev\u00ed hver r\u00e9ttindi forsj\u00e1rlauss foreldris eru vi\u00f0 afsal forsj\u00e1rforeldris \u00e1 forsj\u00e1 og fara yfir helstu laga\u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i og hugt\u00f6k sem skipta m\u00e1li var\u00f0andi r\u00e9ttindi barna og foreldra vi\u00f0 sl\u00edkar a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur til a\u00f0 varpa lj\u00f3si \u00e1 st\u00f6\u00f0una samkv\u00e6mt l\u00f6gum. \u00de\u00e1 ver\u00f0ur fjalla\u00f0 um m\u00e1ls\u00adme\u00f0\u00adfer\u00f0 \u00ed m\u00e1lum tveggja forsj\u00e1rlausra foreldra til a\u00f0 varpa lj\u00f3si \u00e1 r\u00e9ttarst\u00f6\u00f0u \u00feeirra og me\u00f0fer\u00f0 m\u00e1la \u00feeirra fyrir d\u00f3mst\u00f3lum og \u00fe\u00e1 hvernig sta\u00f0a forsj\u00e1r\u00adlausra foreldra er \u00ed raun vi\u00f0 \u00feessar a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur. \u00deess m\u00e1 geta a\u00f0 um er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a einu m\u00e1lin sem finna m\u00e1 \u00ed d\u00f3masafni \u00fear sem reynir \u00e1 r\u00e9ttarst\u00f6\u00f0u forsj\u00e1rlausra foreldra \u00ed kj\u00f6lfar afsals forsj\u00e1rforeldris \u00e1 forsj\u00e1. Efni greinarinnar ver\u00f0ur svo dregi\u00f0 saman og settar fram ni\u00f0ur\u00adst\u00f6\u00f0ur og till\u00f6gur a\u00f0 \u00farb\u00f3tum.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>Fri\u00f0helgi fj\u00f6lskyldunnar<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fri\u00f0helgi fj\u00f6lskyldunnar eru vi\u00f0urkennd mannr\u00e9ttindi og er mikilv\u00e6gi fj\u00f6lskyldunnar og nau\u00f0syn \u00feess a\u00f0 vernda hana fest \u00ed l\u00f6g er sn\u00faa a\u00f0 mannr\u00e9ttindum. \u201eFj\u00f6lskyldan er grund\u00advallareining samf\u00e9lagsins og ber a\u00f0 veita henni nau\u00f0synlega vernd\u201c[1]<\/a>, segir \u00ed inngangs\u00ador\u00f0um samnings sameinu\u00f0u \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0anna um r\u00e9ttindi barnsins, sem fullgiltur var h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi \u00e1ri\u00f0 1992, en festur \u00ed l\u00f6g me\u00f0 l\u00f6gum nr. 19\/2013 (barnas\u00e1ttm\u00e1linn e\u00f0a bs.). Fri\u00f0helgi fj\u00f6lskyldunnar er einnig vi\u00f0ur\u00adkennd og l\u00f6gfest \u00ed 8. gr. mannr\u00e9ttindas\u00e1ttm\u00e1la Evr\u00f3pu, sbr. l\u00f6g nr. 62\/1994 (mannr\u00e9ttinda\u00ads\u00e1ttm\u00e1linn e\u00f0a mse) og 1. mgr. 71. gr. stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1r l\u00fd\u00f0\u00adveld\u00adis\u00adins \u00cdslands nr. 33\/1944 (stj\u00f3rn\u00adar\u00adskr\u00e1in e\u00f0a stjskr.), sem undirstrikar mikilv\u00e6gi \u00feess\u00adarar einingar. Fri\u00f0helgin tekur til fj\u00f6lskyldu \u00ed v\u00ed\u00f0t\u00e6kum skilningi og takmark\u00adast ekki vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 fj\u00f6lskyldan b\u00fai saman \u00e1 heimili.[2]<\/sup><\/a> \u00de\u00e1 tekur fri\u00f0helgi fj\u00f6lskyldu til tengsla foreldris og barns, og verndar ekki a\u00f0eins fj\u00f6lskyldul\u00edf sem \u00feegar hefur komist \u00e1 heldur einnig \u00fea\u00f0 samband sem hugsanlega g\u00e6ti \u00fer\u00f3ast \u00e1 milli kynforeldris og barns.[3]<\/a> \u00cd \u00fev\u00ed felst a\u00f0 r\u00e9ttur fj\u00f6lskyld\u00adunnar, m.a. til a\u00f0 vera saman, fara me\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 og annast uppeldi barna sinna, er trygg\u00f0ur.[4]<\/a> \u00c1kv\u00e6\u00f0i um fri\u00f0helgi fj\u00f6lskyldunnar tryggja almennt r\u00e9tt foreldra til a\u00f0 annast uppeldi barna sinna og r\u00e9tt barna til a\u00f0 nj\u00f3ta fj\u00f6lskyldu sinnar \u00e1n afskipta stj\u00f3rn\u00advalda.[5]<\/a> Til a\u00f0 sker\u00f0a r\u00e9tt manna til a\u00f0 nj\u00f3ta fj\u00f6lskyldul\u00edfs \u00fearf \u00fev\u00ed sk\u00fdrar lagaheimildir og br\u00fdna nau\u00f0syn, sbr. 3. mgr. 71. gr. stjskr. og 2. mgr. 8. gr. mse.<\/p>\n

R\u00e9ttindi barna til a\u00f0 \u00feekkja b\u00e1\u00f0a foreldra s\u00edna<\/em><\/p>\n

R\u00e9ttindi barna til a\u00f0 \u00feekkja b\u00e1\u00f0a foreldra s\u00edna og nj\u00f3ta um\u00f6nnunar \u00feeirra og vera ekki skilin fr\u00e1 fj\u00f6lskyldu sinni eru n\u00e1tengd fri\u00f0helgi fj\u00f6lskyldunnar og er \u00feessi r\u00e9ttur barna l\u00f6gfestur \u00ed 1. mgr. 1. gr. a barnalaga nr. 76\/2003 (barnal\u00f6gin e\u00f0a bl.) og \u00ed 1. mgr. 7. gr. barna\u00ads\u00e1tt\u00adm\u00e1lans. R\u00e9ttur \u00feessi er mj\u00f6g mikilv\u00e6gur \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 b\u00f6rn eiga r\u00e9tt \u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00feekkja uppruna sinn og nj\u00f3ta um\u00f6nnunar foreldra sinna og \u00feau eiga einnig r\u00e9tt \u00e1 a\u00f0 vera \u00ed forsj\u00e1 foreldra sinna, annars e\u00f0a beggja, uns \u00feau ver\u00f0a sj\u00e1lfr\u00e1\u00f0a, sbr. 1. mgr. 28.\u00a0gr. bl. \u00de\u00e1 hefur mannr\u00e9ttindad\u00f3mst\u00f3ll Evr\u00f3pu tali\u00f0 a\u00f0 fj\u00f6lskyldutengsl \u00ed skilningi barnas\u00e1ttm\u00e1lans n\u00e1i einnig til sambands barns\u00a0 og f\u00f6\u00f0ur\u00a0 \u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0 hann hafi\u00a0 aldrei fari\u00f0\u00a0 me\u00f0\u00a0 forsj\u00e1\u00a0 \u00feess, enda\u00a0 liggi\u00a0 fyrir\u00a0 a\u00f0\u00a0 hann\u00a0 hafi\u00a0 haft samskipti vi\u00f0 e\u00f0a afskipti af barninu, sbr. d\u00f3m mann\u00adr\u00e9tt\u00ad\u00adinda\u00ad\u00ad\u00add\u00f3m\u00adst\u00f3ls Evr\u00f3pu fr\u00e1 1. j\u00fan\u00ed 2004 \u00ed m\u00e1li nr. 45582\/99 (L gegn Hollandi).[6]<\/sup><\/a> \u00de\u00e1 er liti\u00f0 svo \u00e1 a\u00f0 b\u00f6rn \u00feurfi jafn miki\u00f0 \u00e1 b\u00e1\u00f0um foreldrum s\u00ednum a\u00f0 halda og a\u00f0 enginn geti komi\u00f0 \u00ed sta\u00f0 foreldranna, jafnvel \u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0 anna\u00f0 e\u00f0a b\u00e6\u00f0i myndu falla fr\u00e1 og a\u00f0 \u00fer\u00edhyrningurinn fa\u00f0ir, m\u00f3\u00f0ir og barn s\u00e9 eitt sterkasta samband sem til er.[7]<\/a><\/p>\n

Vernd fj\u00f6lskyldunnar<\/em><\/p>\n

Barnas\u00e1ttm\u00e1linn leggur \u00e1herslu \u00e1 a\u00f0 fj\u00f6lskyldan s\u00e9 grundvallareining samf\u00e9lagsins og \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 meginregla a\u00f0 foreldrar beri sameiginlega \u00e1byrg\u00f0 \u00e1 a\u00f0 ala upp barn og koma \u00fev\u00ed til \u00feroska. Barnas\u00e1ttm\u00e1linn leggur jafnframt \u00fe\u00e1 skyldu \u00e1 her\u00f0ar a\u00f0ildarr\u00edkjum a\u00f0 veita fj\u00f6lskyldum nau\u00f0synlega vernd og a\u00f0sto\u00f0 og gera \u00fea\u00f0 sem \u00ed \u00feeirra valdi stendur til a\u00f0 veita foreldrum og l\u00f6gr\u00e1\u00f0am\u00f6nnum vi\u00f0eigandi a\u00f0sto\u00f0 til a\u00f0 r\u00e6kja uppeldisskyldur s\u00ednar, sbr. 18. gr. bs. \u00cd barnas\u00e1ttm\u00e1lanum er \u00fev\u00ed miki\u00f0 lagt upp \u00far \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 foreldrar beri \u00e1byrg\u00f0 \u00e1 uppeldi barna sinna og skyldu a\u00f0ildarr\u00edkja til a\u00f0 veita \u00feeim vi\u00f0eigandi stu\u00f0ning til a\u00f0 sinna \u00fev\u00ed hlutverki. L\u00f6g\u00f0 er r\u00edk \u00e1hersla \u00e1 a\u00f0 tryggja a\u00f0 b\u00f6rn ver\u00f0i ekki skilin fr\u00e1 fj\u00f6lskyldu sinni nema sl\u00edkt teljist nau\u00f0synlegt. \u00dea\u00f0 er einnig mikilv\u00e6gur \u00fe\u00e1ttur \u00ed fri\u00f0helgi fj\u00f6lskyldul\u00edfs a\u00f0 fj\u00f6lskyldu s\u00e9 ekki st\u00eda\u00f0 \u00ed sundur gegn vilja fj\u00f6lskyldume\u00f0lima.[8]<\/a> Skylda a\u00f0ildarr\u00edkja barna\u00ads\u00e1ttm\u00e1lans felst \u00fev\u00ed \u00ed a\u00f0 tryggja a\u00f0 barn s\u00e9 ekki teki\u00f0 \u00far umsj\u00e1 foreldra sinna gegn vilja \u00feeirra. \u00dea\u00f0 skal a\u00f0eins gert ef nau\u00f0syn \u00feykir me\u00f0 tilliti til hagsmuna barnsins samkv\u00e6mt vi\u00f0eigandi l\u00f6gum og reglum. Sl\u00edk \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un stj\u00f3rnvalda skal vera h\u00e1\u00f0 endursko\u00f0un d\u00f3m\u00adst\u00f3la, skv. 1. mgr. 9. gr. s\u00e1ttm\u00e1lans. Af \u00feessu m\u00e1 lei\u00f0a a\u00f0 ekkert barn skuli teki\u00f0 \u00far umsj\u00e1 foreldra sinna gegn vilja \u00feeirra nema v\u00e6gari \u00farr\u00e6\u00f0i dugi ekki til a\u00f0 tryggja hagsmuni barnsins.<\/p>\n

Ef nau\u00f0syn ber til, og ekki er unnt a\u00f0 tryggja velfer\u00f0 barns me\u00f0 stu\u00f0ningi vi\u00f0 fj\u00f6lskyldu, er unnt a\u00f0 vista barn t\u00edmabundi\u00f0 e\u00f0a varanlegt hj\u00e1 \u00f6\u00f0rum en fj\u00f6lskyldu. \u00der\u00e1tt fyrir a\u00f0 svo s\u00e9 komi\u00f0 a\u00f0 foreldrar s\u00e9u ekki h\u00e6fir til \u00feess a\u00f0 tryggja velfer\u00f0 barns og nau\u00f0synlegt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 taka \u00fea\u00f0 \u00far umsj\u00e1 foreldra sinna \u00e1 barni\u00f0 r\u00e9tt \u00e1 a\u00f0 vi\u00f0halda fj\u00f6lskyldutengslum s\u00ednum, sbr. 1. mgr. 8. gr. bs. Barn sem hefur veri\u00f0 a\u00f0skili\u00f0 fr\u00e1 foreldrum s\u00ednum hefur r\u00e9tt til a\u00f0 halda pers\u00f3nulegum tengslum og beinu reglubundnu sambandi vi\u00f0 b\u00e1\u00f0a foreldra s\u00edna nema \u00fea\u00f0 teljist andst\u00e6tt hagsmunum \u00feess, sbr. 3.\u00a0mgr. 9. gr. bs. Samkv\u00e6mt \u00fev\u00ed \u00e1 barn r\u00e9tt til umgengni vi\u00f0 foreldra s\u00edna ef \u00fea\u00f0 telst ekki andst\u00e6tt hagsmunum \u00feess og \u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0 ekki a\u00f0 hafa \u00e1hrif hvort barn b\u00fdr a\u00f0eins hj\u00e1 \u00f6\u00f0ru foreldri e\u00f0a hvorugu \u00feeirra.<\/p>\n

\u00c1kv\u00e6\u00f0i barnaverndarlaga <\/em><\/p>\n

Barnaverndarl\u00f6gin nr. 80\/2002 (barnaverndarl\u00f6gin e\u00f0a bvl.) eru sett me\u00f0 hli\u00f0sj\u00f3n af \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0um barnas\u00e1ttm\u00e1lans og s\u00e9st \u00fea\u00f0 berlega \u00e1 markmi\u00f0um barnaverndarlaga. \u00dear er me\u00f0al annars fjalla\u00f0 um r\u00e9tt barna til verndar og um\u00f6nnunar og skyldu foreldra til a\u00f0 b\u00faa b\u00f6rnum s\u00ednum vi\u00f0unandi uppeldisa\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur og g\u00e6ta velfarna\u00f0ar \u00feeirra \u00ed hv\u00edvetna, sbr. 1.\u00a0gr. laganna, skyldu til a\u00f0 tryggja a\u00f0 b\u00f6rn, sem b\u00faa vi\u00f0 \u00f3vi\u00f0unandi a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur e\u00f0a stofna heilsu sinni og \u00feroska \u00ed h\u00e6ttu, f\u00e1i nau\u00f0synlega a\u00f0sto\u00f0 og a\u00f0 leitast skuli vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 n\u00e1 mark\u00admi\u00f0um laganna me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 styrkja fj\u00f6lskyldur \u00ed uppeldishlutverki s\u00ednu, sbr. 1. mgr. 2.\u00a0gr. laganna. Skyldan til a\u00f0 sty\u00f0ja vi\u00f0 og styrkja foreldra til a\u00f0 gegna forsj\u00e1rskyldum s\u00ednum er einnig l\u00f6gfest \u00ed 2. msl. 1. mgr. 2. gr. bvl. \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 18. gr. barnas\u00e1ttm\u00e1lans.<\/p>\n

\u00cd meginreglum barnaverndarstarfs kemur einnig fram \u00fea\u00f0 sj\u00f3narmi\u00f0 a\u00f0 barnaverndar\u00adstarf skuli stu\u00f0la a\u00f0 st\u00f6\u00f0ugleika \u00ed uppvexti barns, sbr. 3. mgr. 4. gr. bvl. Leitast skuli vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 sty\u00f0ja og styrkja fj\u00f6lskylduna me\u00f0 \u00feeim \u00farr\u00e6\u00f0um sem l\u00f6gin m\u00e6la fyrir um og a\u00f0 \u00e1vallt skuli hafa a\u00f0 lei\u00f0arlj\u00f3si a\u00f0 sem minnst r\u00f6skun ver\u00f0i \u00e1 h\u00f6gum barnsins og a\u00f0 ekki skuli beita \u00ed\u00feyngjandi \u00farr\u00e6\u00f0um nema \u00f6nnur v\u00e6gari \u00farr\u00e6\u00f0i komi ekki a\u00f0 gagni, sbr. 7.\u00a0mgr. 4. gr. bvl. og athugasemdum sem fylgdu frumvarpi a\u00f0 l\u00f6gunum. \u00cd athugasemdunum kemur einnig fram a\u00f0 barnaverndaryfirv\u00f6ld skuli vir\u00f0a r\u00e9ttindi foreldra og annarra sem eru \u00e1byrgir fyrir barni og leitast skuli vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 finna \u00farr\u00e6\u00f0i sem henta \u00ed samr\u00e1\u00f0i vi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 og me\u00f0 sam\u00feykki \u00feeirra, \u00e1\u00f0ur en lengra er gengi\u00f0. \u00deetta samr\u00e6mist grundvallarreglunni um fri\u00f0helgi fj\u00f6l\u00adskyld\u00adunnar skv. 1. mgr. 71. gr. stjskr., 8. gr. mse og barnas\u00e1ttm\u00e1lanum. \u00dea\u00f0 skal \u00fev\u00ed \u00ed lengstu l\u00f6g leitast vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 sty\u00f0ja og styrkja foreldra \u00ed hlutverki s\u00ednu og vinna a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 leysa \u00far fyrirliggjandi vanda \u00ed samr\u00e1\u00f0i vi\u00f0 fj\u00f6lskylduna \u00e1\u00f0ur en gripi\u00f0 er til \u00ed\u00feyngjandi \u00farr\u00e6\u00f0a gegn vilja fj\u00f6lskyldunnar. Almenna sj\u00f3narmi\u00f0i\u00f0 er a\u00f0 hagsmunir barna s\u00e9u alla jafna best trygg\u00f0ir me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00feau alist upp hj\u00e1 eigin fj\u00f6lskyldu og a\u00f0 st\u00f6\u00f0ugleiki r\u00edki \u00ed uppvexti \u00feeirra.[9]<\/a><\/p>\n

Forsj\u00e1 og sta\u00f0a forsj\u00e1rlauss foreldris<\/strong><\/p>\n

Forsj\u00e1 er lykilhugtak var\u00f0andi r\u00e9ttindi foreldra og barna. Hutaki\u00f0 er tv\u00ed\u00fe\u00e6tt og felur \u00ed s\u00e9r annars vegar r\u00e9tt og skyldu forsj\u00e1ra\u00f0ila til a\u00f0 annast uppeldi og um\u00f6nnun barns og hins vegar r\u00e9tt og skyldu til a\u00f0 taka \u00e1kvar\u00f0anir \u00ed l\u00edfi barns\u00adins. Forsj\u00e1 leggur \u00ed raun grunn a\u00f0 r\u00e9ttarst\u00f6\u00f0u foreldris og er \u00fev\u00ed grundvallarmunur \u00e1 r\u00e9ttar\u00adst\u00f6\u00f0u forsj\u00e1rforeldris og forsj\u00e1r\u00adlauss foreldris. Forsj\u00e1rlaust foreldri \u00e1 \u00fe\u00f3 tiltekin r\u00e9tt\u00adindi og ber skyldur gagnvart barni s\u00ednu samkv\u00e6mt barnal\u00f6gum. Foreldri \u00e1 t.d. r\u00e9tt \u00e1 umgengni vi\u00f0 barn og a\u00f0 f\u00e1 uppl\u00fdsingar um barn og ber skylda til a\u00f0 framf\u00e6ra barn sitt hvort sem \u00fea\u00f0 fer me\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 \u00feess e\u00f0a ekki.[10]<\/sup><\/a> Forsj\u00e1rskipan getur byggst \u00e1 l\u00f6gum, samkomulagi e\u00f0a d\u00f3mi um skipan forsj\u00e1r, sbr. V. og VI. kafla barnalaga.<\/p>\n

Forsj\u00e1 vi\u00f0 f\u00e6\u00f0ingu barns<\/em><\/p>\n

Vi\u00f0 f\u00e6\u00f0ingu barns fara foreldrar sameiginlega me\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 \u00feess ef \u00feeir eru \u00ed hj\u00faskap e\u00f0a skr\u00e1\u00f0ri samb\u00fa\u00f0, sbr. 1. mgr. 29. gr. bl. Ef foreldrar barnsins eru hins vegar ekki \u00ed hj\u00faskap e\u00f0a skr\u00e1\u00f0ri samb\u00fa\u00f0 fer \u00fea\u00f0 foreldri sem \u00f3l barni\u00f0, sj\u00e1lfkrafa eitt me\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 \u00feess, sbr. 2. mgr. 29. gr. bl., og fer \u00fear af lei\u00f0andi eitt me\u00f0 \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0unarvaldi\u00f0 hva\u00f0 var\u00f0ar barni\u00f0. Foreldrar geta \u00fe\u00f3 sami\u00f0 um a\u00f0 fara sameiginlega me\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 barnsins, sbr. 1. mgr. 32. gr. bl. Ef \u00e1greiningur r\u00eds um forsj\u00e1 barns geta d\u00f3mst\u00f3lar \u00e1kvar\u00f0a\u00f0 hvernig forsj\u00e1 skuli h\u00e1tta\u00f0 samkv\u00e6mt \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0um barnalaga. Foreldrar geta \u00fev\u00ed breytt forsj\u00e1rskipan me\u00f0 samkomulagi e\u00f0a me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 bera \u00e1greining um forsj\u00e1 undir d\u00f3mst\u00f3la.<\/p>\n

Forsj\u00e1 vi\u00f0 andl\u00e1t forsj\u00e1rforeldris<\/em><\/p>\n

Ef forsj\u00e1rforeldri fellur fr\u00e1 ver\u00f0ur \u00f3hj\u00e1kv\u00e6milega breyting \u00e1 forsj\u00e1 barns. Ef foreldrar fara sameiginlega me\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 og anna\u00f0 foreldri\u00f0 fellur fr\u00e1 \u00fe\u00e1 fellur forsj\u00e1in til eftirlifandi forsj\u00e1rforeldris, hvort sem \u00fea\u00f0 foreldri er kynforeldri e\u00f0a stj\u00fapforeldri, sbr. 1. og 2. mgr. 30. gr. bl. Ef forsj\u00e1rforeldri, sem hefur fari\u00f0 eitt me\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 barns, fellur fr\u00e1 fellur forsj\u00e1 barnsins til hins foreldrisins, sbr. 3. mgr. 30. gr. bl., nema forsj\u00e1rforeldri hafi skili\u00f0 eftir sig formlega yfirl\u00fdsingu, sta\u00f0festa af s\u00fdslumanni e\u00f0a h\u00e9ra\u00f0sd\u00f3ms- e\u00f0a h\u00e6star\u00e9ttar\u00adl\u00f6gmanni, um hver skuli a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed l\u00e1tnu fara me\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 barnsins, sbr. 6. mgr. 30. gr. bl. Ef sl\u00edk yfirl\u00fdsing er fyrir hendi skal eftir henni fari\u00f0 svo lengi sem h\u00fan er ekki andst\u00e6\u00f0 l\u00f6gum e\u00f0a anna\u00f0 \u00feyki barninu fyrir bestu. Forsj\u00e1in fellur ekki sj\u00e1lfkrafa til \u00feess e\u00f0a \u00feeirra a\u00f0ila sem forsj\u00e1rforeldri tilnefndi \u00ed yfirl\u00fdsingunni, eins og \u00e6tla m\u00e6tti af or\u00f0anna hlj\u00f3\u00f0an, heldur er \u00fea\u00f0 h\u00e1\u00f0 samkomu\u00adlagi hins forsj\u00e1rlausa foreldris og \u00feess e\u00f0a \u00feeirra a\u00f0ila sem forsj\u00e1r\u00adforeldri tilnefndi. A\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0rum kosti er \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un d\u00f3mst\u00f3la hvort forsj\u00e1rlausa foreldri\u00f0 skuli taka vi\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 barnsins e\u00f0a s\u00e1 e\u00f0a \u00feeir sem forsj\u00e1rforeldri\u00f0 tilnefndi \u00ed yfirl\u00fdsingu sinni.[11]<\/a> \u00dea\u00f0 \u00fearf \u00fev\u00ed sam\u00feykki forsj\u00e1rlausa foreldrisins e\u00f0a d\u00f3mst\u00f3la til a\u00f0 s\u00e1 e\u00f0a \u00feeir a\u00f0ilar sem forsj\u00e1rforeldri tilnefndi f\u00e1i forsj\u00e1 yfir vi\u00f0komandi barni. Ef barn ver\u00f0ur forsj\u00e1r\u00adlaust vi\u00f0 andl\u00e1t forsj\u00e1r\u00adforeldris\/forsj\u00e1rforeldra fellur forsj\u00e1 barnsins til barnaverndar\u00ad\u00fej\u00f3n\u00adustu.<\/p>\n

Forsj\u00e1 vi\u00f0 afsal e\u00f0a sviptingu forsj\u00e1r<\/em><\/p>\n

Ef foreldri, sem fer eitt me\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 barns, afsalar s\u00e9r forsj\u00e1 e\u00f0a umsj\u00e1 \u00feess skal kanna grundv\u00f6ll \u00feess a\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0stafa barninu til hins foreldrisins, sbr. 1.\u00a0mgr. 67. gr. a bvl. \u00dea\u00f0 sama \u00e1 vi\u00f0 ef forsj\u00e1rforeldri er svipt forsj\u00e1 e\u00f0a kve\u00f0inn er upp \u00farskur\u00f0ur um t\u00edmabundna vistun barns utan heimilis. \u00c1kv\u00e6\u00f0i 1. og 3. mgr. 67. gr. a bvl. byggjast \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00e1 milli foreldris og barns s\u00e9u tengsl sem hafi \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingu a\u00f0 l\u00f6gum, \u00fe\u00f3 svo a\u00f0 foreldri fari ekki me\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 barnsins, sbr. \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i barnalaga um umgengnisr\u00e9tt og framf\u00e6rsluskyldur forsj\u00e1rlauss foreldris.[12]<\/sup><\/a> \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00fev\u00ed sj\u00f3narmi\u00f0 l\u00f6g\u00adgjaf\u00adans a\u00f0 ef forsj\u00e1rforeldri er ekki f\u00e6rt um a\u00f0 fara me\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 barns s\u00e9 r\u00e9ttast a\u00f0 hitt foreldri\u00f0 taki vi\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 \u00feess ef \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3nar hagsmunum barnsins. \u00deetta er \u00ed anda \u00e1\u00f0ur\u00adgreindra \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0a um fri\u00f0helgi fj\u00f6lskyld\u00adunnar og r\u00e9tt barna skv. barnas\u00e1ttm\u00e1lanum til a\u00f0 \u00feekkja uppruna sinn og nj\u00f3ta um\u00f6nn\u00adunar foreldra sinna og vera ekki a\u00f0skili\u00f0 fr\u00e1 fj\u00f6lskyldu sinni.<\/p>\n

Sta\u00f0a forsj\u00e1rlausra foreldra samkv\u00e6mt barnaverndarl\u00f6gum<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00cd barnaverndarl\u00f6gum er ekki fjalla\u00f0 um forsj\u00e1rforeldra og forsj\u00e1rlausa foreldra heldur a\u00f0eins foreldra. \u00cd 3. mgr. 3. gr. bvl. segir a\u00f0 me\u00f0 foreldrum \u00ed l\u00f6gunum s\u00e9 \u00e1tt vi\u00f0 foreldra skv. I. kafla barnalaga, en einnig a\u00f0 jafna\u00f0i \u00fe\u00e1 sem fara me\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 barns. \u00cd athuga\u00adsemdum sem fylgdu frumvarpi a\u00f0 l\u00f6gunum er \u00fe\u00f3 teki\u00f0 fram a\u00f0 \u00ed \u00feeim tilvikum, sem gert er r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir v\u00ed\u00f0t\u00e6kri samvinnu vi\u00f0 foreldra um beitingu \u00farr\u00e6\u00f0a og heimildum til beitingar \u00fevingunar\u00farr\u00e6\u00f0a gegn foreldrum, s\u00e9 eing\u00f6ngu \u00e1tt vi\u00f0 foreldra sem fara me\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 barna sinna.[13]<\/a> \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00fev\u00ed grundvallarmunur \u00e1 st\u00f6\u00f0u forsj\u00e1rforeldra og forsj\u00e1rlausra foreldra \u00ed barnaverndar\u00adm\u00e1lum. \u00dear sem ekki er gert r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir a\u00f0ild e\u00f0a a\u00f0komu forsj\u00e1rlausra foreldra a\u00f0 m\u00e1lum barna \u00feeirra hj\u00e1 barnavernd. A\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0ru leyti en \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 ber a\u00f0 kanna m\u00f6gu\u00adleikann \u00e1 a\u00f0 vista barni\u00f0 hj\u00e1 forsj\u00e1rlausa foreldrinu ef forsj\u00e1rsvipta \u00fearf forsj\u00e1rforeldri e\u00f0a vista barn utan heimilis \u00feess.<\/p>\n

Umgengni <\/strong><\/p>\n

R\u00e9ttur til fj\u00f6lskyldul\u00edfs felur me\u00f0al annars \u00ed s\u00e9r r\u00e9tt foreldra og barna til a\u00f0 nj\u00f3ta samvista. Barn \u00e1 r\u00e9tt \u00e1 a\u00f0 umgangast reglulega foreldri sem \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1 ekki l\u00f6gheimili hj\u00e1, svo lengi sem \u00fea\u00f0 er ekki andst\u00e6tt hagsmunum \u00feess. Me\u00f0 umgengni er \u00e1tt vi\u00f0 samveru og \u00f6nnur samskipti. R\u00e9ttur \u00feessi byggist \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed sj\u00f3narmi\u00f0i a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 komi barni a\u00f0 jafna\u00f0i best a\u00f0 r\u00e6kja og vi\u00f0halda tengslum vi\u00f0 foreldri sem \u00fea\u00f0 hefur ekki l\u00f6gheimili hj\u00e1. R\u00e9ttur \u00feessi er einnig n\u00e1tengdur r\u00e9tti barns til a\u00f0 \u00feekkja b\u00e1\u00f0a foreldra s\u00edna.<\/p>\n

Umgengni samkv\u00e6mt barnal\u00f6gum<\/em><\/p>\n

R\u00e9ttur barns til umgengni vi\u00f0 foreldri sem \u00fea\u00f0 hefur ekki l\u00f6gheimili hj\u00e1 er l\u00f6gfestur \u00ed 1. mgr. 46.\u00a0gr. barnalaga. \u00c1kv\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 fjallar jafnframt um skyldu foreldra til a\u00f0 tryggja a\u00f0 \u00feessi r\u00e9ttur barns\u00adins s\u00e9 virtur. 2. mgr. greinarinnar fjallar svo um r\u00e9tt og skyldu foreldris sem barn hefur ekki l\u00f6gheimili hj\u00e1 til a\u00f0 r\u00e6kja umgengni vi\u00f0 barn sitt og skyldu foreldris sem barn er me\u00f0 l\u00f6gheimili hj\u00e1 til a\u00f0 stu\u00f0la a\u00f0 umgengni, svo fremi umgengnin s\u00e9 ekki andst\u00e6\u00f0 hag og \u00fe\u00f6rfum barns a\u00f0 mati d\u00f3mara e\u00f0a l\u00f6gm\u00e6ts stj\u00f3rnvalds. R\u00e9ttur barns til umgengni vi\u00f0 foreldri e\u00f0a foreldra er \u00fev\u00ed mj\u00f6g sterkur og miki\u00f0 \u00fearf til a\u00f0 koma \u00ed veg fyrir umgengni barns vi\u00f0 foreldra. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0eins \u00e1 valdsvi\u00f0i d\u00f3mara og l\u00f6gm\u00e6tra stj\u00f3rn\u00advalda a\u00f0 \u00e1kvar\u00f0a a\u00f0 umgengni s\u00e9 andst\u00e6\u00f0 hag og \u00fe\u00f6rfum barns. Mat foreldris e\u00f0a annarra dugir ekki til. \u00deessi mikilv\u00e6gi r\u00e9ttur er einnig varinn af 3. mgr. 9. gr. barnas\u00e1tt\u00adm\u00e1lans en skv. \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0inu ber a\u00f0ildar\u00adr\u00edkjum a\u00f0 vir\u00f0a r\u00e9tt barns sem hefur veri\u00f0 a\u00f0skili\u00f0 fr\u00e1 foreldri e\u00f0a foreldrum s\u00ednum til a\u00f0 halda pers\u00f3nulegum tengslum og reglubundnu beinu sambandi vi\u00f0 hvort tveggja, enda s\u00e9 \u00fea\u00f0 ekki andst\u00e6tt hagsmunum \u00feess.<\/p>\n

Inntak umgengni er ekki bundi\u00f0 \u00ed l\u00f6g en gert er r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir a\u00f0 foreldrar \u00e1kve\u00f0i hvernig umgengni skuli h\u00e1tta\u00f0 eins og hentar barninu best.[14]<\/a> Almennar reglur um umgengni hafa ekki veri\u00f0 settar \u00ed lj\u00f3si \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00fearfir og a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur barna eru mismunandi. Tali\u00f0 er betra a\u00f0 tekin s\u00e9 \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un um umgengni me\u00f0 hli\u00f0sj\u00f3n af hag og \u00fe\u00f6rfum hvers barns fyrir sig hverju sinni. \u00c1kve\u00f0nar verklagsreglur hafa \u00fe\u00f3 m\u00f3tast vi\u00f0 me\u00f0fer\u00f0 umgengnis\u00adm\u00e1la. Almennt er t.d. mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 l\u00e1gmarksumgengni s\u00e9 umgengni a\u00f0ra hverja helgi ef b\u00faseta foreldra er me\u00f0 \u00feeim h\u00e6tti a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3ni hagsmunum barns, auk umgengni um j\u00f3l, \u00e1ram\u00f3t, p\u00e1ska og \u00ed sumarfr\u00edum. Ef foreldri, sem barn \u00e1 l\u00f6gheimili hj\u00e1, heldur \u00fev\u00ed fram a\u00f0 hagsmunir og \u00fearfir barns krefjist \u00feess a\u00f0 umgengni ver\u00f0i minnku\u00f0 er almennt ger\u00f0 s\u00fa krafa a\u00f0 foreldri\u00f0 f\u00e6ri fram vi\u00f0hl\u00edtandi r\u00f6k til stu\u00f0nings m\u00e1li s\u00ednu og s\u00fdni fram \u00e1 s\u00e9rstakar a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur sem r\u00e9ttl\u00e6ti skerta umgengni.[15]<\/sup><\/a> Umgengni getur \u00fe\u00f3 einnig veri\u00f0 mun r\u00edkari \u00feegar s\u00e9rstaklega stendur \u00e1. Heimilt er a\u00f0 \u00e1kvar\u00f0a umgengni \u00ed allt a\u00f0 7 daga af hverjum 14, sbr. 3. mgr. 47. gr. bl. R\u00e9tturinn til umgengni er \u00fev\u00ed mj\u00f6g r\u00edkur sam\u00adkv\u00e6mt barnal\u00f6gum. Komi foreldrar s\u00e9r ekki saman um umgengni \u00farskur\u00f0ar s\u00fdsluma\u00f0ur, sbr. 47. gr. bl. Almennt er l\u00f6g\u00f0 \u00e1hersla \u00e1 r\u00faman umgengnisr\u00e9tt. \u00deegar \u00feess \u00fearf er umgengnis\u00adr\u00e9ttur tak\u00admark\u00ada\u00f0ur e\u00f0a jafnvel enginn. Ef umgengni \u00fej\u00f3nar ekki hagsmunum barns e\u00f0a er barni beinl\u00ednis ska\u00f0leg \u00fe\u00e1 skal umgengni taka mi\u00f0 af \u00fev\u00ed, enda ber skv. 3. mgr. 76. gr. stjskr. a\u00f0 tryggja b\u00f6rnum \u00fe\u00e1 vernd og um\u00f6nnun sem velfer\u00f0 \u00feeirra krefst.<\/p>\n

Umgengni samkv\u00e6mt barnaverndarl\u00f6gum<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00c1kv\u00e6\u00f0i um umgengnisr\u00e9tt barna \u00ed f\u00f3stri vi\u00f0 foreldra og a\u00f0ra n\u00e1komna voru fyrst l\u00f6gfest \u00e1ri\u00f0 1992. \u00de\u00e1 \u00fe\u00f3tti br\u00fdn nau\u00f0syn a\u00f0 l\u00f6gfesta sl\u00edkan r\u00e9tt til a\u00f0 vi\u00f0halda tengslum barns og kynforeldra \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 me\u00f0 umgengni v\u00e6ri komi\u00f0 \u00ed veg fyrir a\u00f0 klippt v\u00e6ri \u00e1 samband barns vi\u00f0 kynforeldra. \u00deessi tengsl g\u00e6tu veri\u00f0 mikilv\u00e6g \u00feroska barns \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir a\u00f0 vista hef\u00f0i \u00feurft barni\u00f0 utan heimilis. Meginreglan v\u00e6ri \u00fev\u00ed s\u00fa a\u00f0 barn \u00ed f\u00f3stri hef\u00f0i umgengni vi\u00f0 kynforeldra s\u00edna, nema sl\u00edkt v\u00e6ri andst\u00e6tt \u00fe\u00f6rfum og hagsmunum barns\u00adins.[16]<\/sup><\/a> \u00deegar barn er vista\u00f0 \u00ed f\u00f3stri n\u00fdtur \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1fram r\u00e9ttar til umgengni vi\u00f0 foreldra s\u00edna e\u00f0a a\u00f0ra sem eru \u00fev\u00ed n\u00e1komnir, ef \u00fea\u00f0 er ekki andst\u00e6tt hagsmunum \u00feess, skv. 1. mgr. 70. gr. bvl. \u00dea\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00fe\u00f3 ekki vi\u00f0 ef umgengni er talin \u00f3sam\u00adr\u00fdman\u00adleg \u00feeim markmi\u00f0um sem stefnt er a\u00f0 me\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0st\u00f6fun barns \u00ed f\u00f3stur, sbr. 2. mgr. 74. gr. bvl. Um umgengni \u00e1 grundvelli barnaverndar\u00adlaga er fjalla\u00f0 \u00ed 74. gr. laganna og inniheldur greinin, l\u00edkt og 46. og 46. gr. a bl., \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i um r\u00e9tt barns til umgengni vi\u00f0 foreldra og a\u00f0ra sem eru \u00fev\u00ed n\u00e1komnir. Vi\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0st\u00f6fun barns \u00ed f\u00f3stur skal tekin \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un um umgengni \u00feess vi\u00f0 foreldra og a\u00f0ra sem eru \u00fev\u00ed n\u00e1komnir og skal \u00e1vallt taka mi\u00f0 af \u00fev\u00ed sem \u00fej\u00f3nar hagsmunum barnsins best, sbr. 3. mgr. 74. gr. bvl. Barnaverndar\u00fej\u00f3nustu ber \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 gera samning vi\u00f0 f\u00f3sturforeldra um umgengni barns vi\u00f0 foreldra e\u00f0a a\u00f0ra n\u00e1komna vi\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0st\u00f6fun \u00feess \u00ed f\u00f3stur, sbr. e li\u00f0 1. mgr. 68. gr. bvl. Ef ekki n\u00e6st samkomulag um fyrirkomulag umgengninnar hefur Umd\u00e6misr\u00e1\u00f0 barnaverndar \u00farskur\u00f0ar\u00advald um r\u00e9tt til umgengni, umfang umgengnis\u00adr\u00e9ttarins og\/e\u00f0a framkv\u00e6md umgengn\u00adinnar. R\u00e1\u00f0i\u00f0 getur einnig \u00farskur\u00f0a\u00f0 um a\u00f0 foreldri e\u00f0a a\u00f0rir nj\u00f3ti ekki umgengnisr\u00e9ttar ef s\u00e9rst\u00f6k atvik valda \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 umgengni barns vi\u00f0 foreldra s\u00e9 andst\u00e6\u00f0 hag \u00feess, sbr. 4. mgr. 74. gr. bvl. \u00dea\u00f0 sama \u00e1 vi\u00f0 um r\u00e9tt barns sem vista\u00f0 er \u00e1 heimili e\u00f0a stofnun, skv. 79. gr. bvl., til umgengni vi\u00f0 foreldra e\u00f0a a\u00f0ra n\u00e1komna.<\/p>\n

\u00cd barnaverndarl\u00f6gum og athugasemdum me\u00f0 frumvarpi a\u00f0 l\u00f6gunum er ekki a\u00f0 finna umfj\u00f6llun um inntak umgengni e\u00f0a \u00fe\u00e6r vi\u00f0mi\u00f0unarreglur sem m\u00f3tast hafa l\u00edkt og er a\u00f0 finna \u00ed athugasemdum me\u00f0 frumvarpi a\u00f0 barnal\u00f6gum. \u00cd framkv\u00e6md er umgengni sem \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0u\u00f0 er \u00e1 grundvelli barnaverndarlaga almennt mun minni en umgengni sem \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0u\u00f0 er \u00e1 grundvelli barnalaga. \u00dea\u00f0 er ekki \u00f3e\u00f0lilegt a\u00f0 foreldri sem hefur misst umsj\u00e1 e\u00f0a forsj\u00e1 barns s\u00edns s\u00f6kum vanh\u00e6fni f\u00e1i takmarka\u00f0a umgengni vi\u00f0 barn sitt. \u00cd athuga\u00adsemdum sem fylgdu frumvarpi sem var\u00f0 a\u00f0 l\u00f6gum nr. 80 fr\u00e1 21. j\u00fan\u00ed 2011 um breytingu \u00e1 barnaverndarl\u00f6gum nr. 80\/2002 kemur fram a\u00f0 m\u00e1l um umgengni eftir a\u00f0 foreldri hefur misst forsj\u00e1 barns \u00e1 grundvelli barnaverndarlaga s\u00e9u \u00ed grundvallaratri\u00f0um \u00f3l\u00edk m\u00e1lum um umgengni sem rekin eru skv. \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0um barnalaga.[17]<\/sup><\/a> Af \u00feessu m\u00e1 gagn\u00e1lykta a\u00f0 umgeng\u00adni barns vi\u00f0 foreldri sem ekki hefur veri\u00f0 svipt forsj\u00e1 skuli vera l\u00edk umgengni samkv\u00e6mt barnal\u00f6gum.<\/p>\n

Erfitt er a\u00f0 \u00e1tta sig \u00e1 hvernig umgengni er almennt \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0u\u00f0 \u00ed barnaverndarm\u00e1lum, \u00fear sem \u00farskur\u00f0ir eru ekki a\u00f0gengilegir. \u00dea\u00f0 eru \u00fe\u00f3 nokkur d\u00e6mi \u00feess a\u00f0 foreldrar hafi leita\u00f0 til umbo\u00f0smanns Al\u00feingis e\u00f0a d\u00f3mst\u00f3la vegna sl\u00edkra \u00e1kvar\u00f0ana og af \u00feeim d\u00e6mum m\u00e1 sj\u00e1 a\u00f0 umgengni er \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0u\u00f0 mun takmarka\u00f0ri en svok\u00f6llu\u00f0 l\u00e1gmarksumgengni sam\u00adkv\u00e6mt barnal\u00f6gum. \u00de\u00e1 eru d\u00e6mi \u00feess a\u00f0 barnaverndaryfirv\u00f6ld hafa takmarka\u00f0 umgeng\u00adnis\u00adr\u00e9tt barns og foreldris \u00e1n r\u00e9ttm\u00e6trar \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0u. \u00cd \u00e1liti umbo\u00f0smanns Al\u00feingis, fr\u00e1 3. ma\u00ed 1989, leita\u00f0i fa\u00f0ir, sem haf\u00f0i sam\u00feykkt a\u00f0 barn hans v\u00e6ri vista\u00f0 \u00ed varanlegu f\u00f3stri, til umbo\u00f0smanns vegna \u00f3h\u00e6filegrar sker\u00f0\u00adingar \u00e1 umgengnis\u00adr\u00e9tti hans og barnsins. Hann og barn hans fengu a\u00f0eins umgengni fj\u00f3rum sinnum \u00e1 \u00e1ri \u00ed fj\u00f3rar klukkustundir \u00ed senn undir eftirliti barnavernd\u00adar\u00ad, skv. \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un barnaverndarr\u00e1\u00f0s \u00cdslands (n\u00fa \u00farskur\u00f0\u00adar\u00adnefnd velfer\u00f0arm\u00e1la). Ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0a umbo\u00f0smanns var a\u00f0 ekkert hef\u00f0i komi\u00f0 fram sem g\u00e6ti r\u00e9ttl\u00e6tt svo st\u00f3rfellda sker\u00f0ingu \u00e1 umgengni og a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 sj\u00f3narmi\u00f0 a\u00f0 barni\u00f0 hef\u00f0i \u201eekki \u00fe\u00f6rf fyrir a\u00f0 hitta kynf\u00f6\u00f0ur sinn oftar en fj\u00f3rum sinnum \u00e1 \u00e1ri\u201c v\u00e6ri \u00f3l\u00f6gm\u00e6tt og g\u00e6ti ekki r\u00e9ttl\u00e6tt svo takmarka\u00f0a umgengni. Ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0a umbo\u00f0s\u00admanns bygg\u00f0i \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 barnal\u00f6g m\u00e6ltu fyrir um gagn\u00adkv\u00e6man umgengnisr\u00e9tt foreldra og barna, sem nyti jafn\u00adframt s\u00e9rstakrar verndar skv. 8. gr. mse. Umbo\u00f0sma\u00f0ur beindi \u00feeim tilm\u00e6lum til barnaverndar\u00adr\u00e1\u00f0s a\u00f0 taka n\u00fdja \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un um umgengnisr\u00e9tt f\u00f6\u00f0ur og barns. \u00dev\u00ed var hafna\u00f0 af barna\u00adverndar\u00adr\u00e1\u00f0i og bent \u00e1 a\u00f0 unnt v\u00e6ri a\u00f0 l\u00e1ta reyna \u00e1 \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un r\u00e1\u00f0sins fyrir d\u00f3mst\u00f3lum.[18]<\/a> \u00deetta m\u00e1l er \u00fe\u00f3 ekki einsd\u00e6mi, sbr. \u00e1lit umbo\u00f0smanns Al\u00feingis \u00ed m\u00e1li nr. 661\/1992 og ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0a H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar \u00ed m\u00e1li nr. 511\/1998 svo eitthva\u00f0 s\u00e9 nefnt. \u00cd m\u00e1li H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar nr. 511\/1998 var \u00farskur\u00f0ur barna\u00adverndaryfirvalda um inntak umgengnisr\u00e9ttar m\u00f3\u00f0ur og barns felldur \u00far gildi. \u00dear sem ekki haf\u00f0i veri\u00f0 s\u00fdnt fram \u00e1 nau\u00f0syn \u00feess a\u00f0 takmarka hann svo mj\u00f6g sem gert haf\u00f0i veri\u00f0. M\u00f3\u00f0ir haf\u00f0i \u00fear a\u00f0eins fengi\u00f0 umgengni \u00ed eina og h\u00e1lfa klukkustund \u00e1 \u00e1ri, sem ekki \u00fe\u00f3tti r\u00e9ttm\u00e6tt.[19]<\/a><\/p>\n

R\u00e9ttur til umgengni<\/em><\/p>\n

R\u00e9ttur barns til umgengni vi\u00f0 foreldra s\u00edna er trygg\u00f0ur me\u00f0 l\u00f6gum, s.s. barnal\u00f6gum, barnaverndarl\u00f6gum, barnas\u00e1ttm\u00e1lanum og mannr\u00e9ttindas\u00e1ttm\u00e1la Evr\u00f3pu. Sj\u00f3narmi\u00f0 barna\u00adverndar\u00adyfirvalda vir\u00f0ast \u00fe\u00f3 vera \u00f6nnur hva\u00f0 var\u00f0ar inntak umgengni og l\u00e1gmarks\u00adumgengni \u00feegar b\u00f6rn eru vistu\u00f0 \u00ed f\u00f3stri en \u00feegar um er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a umgengni skv. barna\u00adl\u00f6gum, sbr. \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un barnaverndarr\u00e1\u00f0s \u00cdslands og afsta\u00f0a \u00feess \u00ed kj\u00f6lfar tilm\u00e6la umbo\u00f0s\u00admanns Al\u00feingis \u00ed m\u00e1li nr. 66\/1988. \u00dea\u00f0 kemur \u00fe\u00f3 hvergi fram \u00ed l\u00f6gum, hvorki barnal\u00f6g\u00adum n\u00e9 barnaverndar\u00adl\u00f6gum, a\u00f0 r\u00e9ttur barna og foreldra til umgengni s\u00e9 annar e\u00f0a minni ef barn er vista\u00f0 \u00ed f\u00f3stri, a\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0ru leyti en \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 unnt er a\u00f0 takmarka e\u00f0a hafna umgengni skv. barnaverndarl\u00f6gum, ef h\u00fan telst ekki samr\u00fdm\u00adast \u00feeim markmi\u00f0um sem stefnt er a\u00f0 me\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0st\u00f6fun barns \u00ed f\u00f3stur. Samkv\u00e6mt l\u00f6gum og l\u00f6gsk\u00fdringarg\u00f6gnum er \u00fe\u00f3 grund\u00advallar\u00admunur \u00e1 inntaki umgengni barns vi\u00f0 foreldra eftir \u00fev\u00ed hvort \u00feeir hafa misst forsj\u00e1 barns \u00e1 grundvelli barnaverndarlaga e\u00f0a eru forsj\u00e1rlausir af \u00f6\u00f0rum ors\u00f6kum.<\/p>\n

E\u00f0lilegt getur veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 takmarka umgengni barns vi\u00f0 foreldra sem hefur \u00feurft a\u00f0 svipta umsj\u00e1 barns af \u00feeim \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0um a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 andst\u00e6tt hag og \u00fe\u00f6rfum barnsins a\u00f0 vera \u00ed \u00feeirra umsj\u00e1. \u00dear af lei\u00f0andi getur \u00fea\u00f0 einnig veri\u00f0 andst\u00e6tt hagsmunum barnsins a\u00f0 umgangast foreldra s\u00edna e\u00f0a nau\u00f0syn sta\u00f0i\u00f0 til \u00feess a\u00f0 takmarka umgengni til lengri e\u00f0a skemmri t\u00edma vegna hagsmuna barns. A\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0ru leyti \u00e6tti barn \u00ed f\u00f3stri a\u00f0 geta noti\u00f0 jafn mikillar umgengni vi\u00f0 foreldra s\u00edna r\u00e9tt eins og barn sem b\u00fdr hj\u00e1 \u00f6\u00f0ru foreldri s\u00ednu. R\u00e9ttur barns til umgengni vi\u00f0 foreldri e\u00f0a foreldra \u00e6tti a\u00f0 vera s\u00e1 sami hvort sem barn er vista\u00f0 \u00ed f\u00f3stri e\u00f0a b\u00fdr hj\u00e1 \u00f6\u00f0ru foreldrinu, sbr. \u00e1lit umbo\u00f0smanns barna \u00e1 umgengni barns \u00ed varanlegu f\u00f3stri vi\u00f0 foreldri, dags. 25. mars 2014. \u00cd \u00e1litinu kemur fram a\u00f0 umgengni barns vi\u00f0 foreldri ver\u00f0i a\u00f0 vera regluleg svo a\u00f0 barn n\u00e1i a\u00f0 vi\u00f0halda \u00feeim tengslum sem \u00feegar hafa myndast e\u00f0a til a\u00f0 tengsl n\u00e1i a\u00f0 myndast og s\u00e1 r\u00e9ttur ver\u00f0i a\u00f0 vera trygg\u00f0ur \u00f6llum b\u00f6rnum \u00e1n mismununar, sbr. 2. gr. barnas\u00e1ttm\u00e1lans og 65. gr. stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1rinnar. \u00cd \u00fev\u00ed felist \u00fe\u00f3 ekki a\u00f0 \u00f6ll b\u00f6rn eigi a\u00f0 umgangast foreldra s\u00edna jafn miki\u00f0 heldur a\u00f0 mi\u00f0a \u00feurfi umgengni vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 sem s\u00e9 barni fyrir bestu hverju sinni, sbr. 3 gr. bs. og 2. mgr. 1. gr. bl. \u00de\u00e1 v\u00e6ri \u00f3heimilt a\u00f0 mismuna b\u00f6rnum eftir st\u00f6\u00f0u \u00feeirra e\u00f0a foreldra \u00feeirra og \u00fev\u00ed teldi umbo\u00f0s\u00adma\u00f0ur barna ekki r\u00e9tt a\u00f0 sker\u00f0a e\u00f0a takmarka umgengni barns vi\u00f0 foreldri af \u00feeirri \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0u einni a\u00f0 barni v\u00e6ri r\u00e1\u00f0stafa\u00f0 \u00ed f\u00f3stur. R\u00e9ttur barns til umgengni v\u00e6ri s\u00e1 sami \u00f3h\u00e1\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed hvort barn byggi hj\u00e1 \u00f6\u00f0ru foreldrinu e\u00f0a f\u00f3sturforeldrum.[20]<\/a><\/p>\n

M\u00e1lsme\u00f0fer\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnvalda <\/strong><\/p>\n

Um m\u00e1lsme\u00f0fer\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnvalda gilda \u00e1kve\u00f0nar m\u00e1lsme\u00f0fer\u00f0arreglur, \u00fe.e. reglur um \u00fea\u00f0 hvernig me\u00f0fer\u00f0 m\u00e1la hj\u00e1 stj\u00f3rnv\u00f6ldum skuli h\u00e1tta\u00f0. Me\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnvaldi er \u00e1tt vi\u00f0 handhafa framkv\u00e6mdarvalds \u00e1 vegum r\u00edkis og sveitarf\u00e9laga.[21]<\/a> M\u00e1lsme\u00f0fer\u00f0arreglur stj\u00f3rnvalda er a\u00f0 finna \u00ed stj\u00f3rns\u00fdslul\u00f6gum nr. 37\/1993 (stj\u00f3rns\u00fdslul\u00f6g e\u00f0a ssl.), sem er \u00e6tla\u00f0 a\u00f0 tryggja borgurunum r\u00e9ttar\u00f6ryggi \u00ed samskiptum vi\u00f0 hi\u00f0 opinbera og auka skilvirkni \u00ed st\u00f6rfum stj\u00f3rn\u00advalda. L\u00f6gin innihalda \u00fev\u00ed \u00fe\u00e6r reglur sem stj\u00f3rnv\u00f6ldum er \u00f3heimilt a\u00f0 v\u00edkja fr\u00e1 vi\u00f0 me\u00f0fer\u00f0 m\u00e1la sem falla undir l\u00f6gin.[22]<\/a> \u00cd barnaverndarl\u00f6gum er einnig a\u00f0 finna m\u00e1lsme\u00f0\u00adfer\u00f0\u00adar\u00adreglur sem koma til fyllingar e\u00f0a vi\u00f0b\u00f3tar vi\u00f0 m\u00e1lsme\u00f0fer\u00f0arreglur stj\u00f3rns\u00fdslulaga. \u00cd \u00feessari grein ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0eins fjalla\u00f0 um \u00fe\u00e6r m\u00e1lsme\u00f0fer\u00f0arreglur sem helst reynir \u00e1 \u00ed tengslum vi\u00f0 umfj\u00f6llunar\u00adefni\u00f0.<\/p>\n

Vi\u00f0 upphaf m\u00e1ls er mikilv\u00e6gt a\u00f0 afmarka a\u00f0ild m\u00e1ls, en s\u00e1 a\u00f0ili sem stj\u00f3rnvalds\u00ad\u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un beinist a\u00f0 telst a\u00f0ili m\u00e1ls og n\u00fdtur \u00fe\u00e1 \u00feeirra r\u00e9ttinda sem stj\u00f3rns\u00fdslu\u00adl\u00f6gin veita vi\u00f0 me\u00f0fer\u00f0 m\u00e1lsins.[23]<\/a> Vafam\u00e1l getur veri\u00f0 hvort einstaklingur\/l\u00f6ga\u00f0ili teljist a\u00f0ili m\u00e1ls e\u00f0ur ei, en skilgreining \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed hver s\u00e9 a\u00f0ili m\u00e1ls e\u00f0a hva\u00f0a skilyr\u00f0i eru sett fyrir a\u00f0ild koma hvorki fram \u00ed stj\u00f3rns\u00fdslul\u00f6gum n\u00e9 barnaverndarl\u00f6gum. Vi\u00f0 sl\u00edkar a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur \u00fearf a\u00f0 fara fram heildst\u00e6tt mat \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed hvort vi\u00f0komandi eigi beina, verulega, s\u00e9rstaka og l\u00f6gvarinna hagsmuna a\u00f0 g\u00e6ta.[24]<\/a> L\u00f6gsk\u00fdringarg\u00f6gn gefa \u00fea\u00f0 til kynna a\u00f0 a\u00f0ildarhugtak \u00ed stj\u00f3rns\u00fdslu\u00adm\u00e1lum beri a\u00f0 sk\u00fdra r\u00famt \u00feannig a\u00f0 ekki s\u00e9 einungis \u00e1tt vi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 sem eiga beina a\u00f0ild a\u00f0 m\u00e1li heldur einnig \u00fe\u00e1 sem hafa \u00f3beinna hagsmuna a\u00f0 g\u00e6ta og a\u00f0 l\u00edta beri til hvers tilviks fyrir sig. Almennt er s\u00e1 talinn a\u00f0ili a\u00f0 m\u00e1li sem \u00e1 einstaklegra, beinna og l\u00f6gvarinna hagsmuna a\u00f0 g\u00e6ta.[25]<\/a> Umbo\u00f0sma\u00f0ur Al\u00feingis komst til a\u00f0 mynda a\u00f0 \u00feeirri ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u \u00ed m\u00e1li nr. 3609\/2002 a\u00f0 n\u00e1komnir \u00e6ttingjar sem hef\u00f0u lagt fram formlega ums\u00f3kn um a\u00f0 taka barn \u00ed f\u00f3stur teldust hafa einstaklegra og verulegra hagsmuna a\u00f0 g\u00e6ta \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed stj\u00f3rn\u00ads\u00fdslu\u00adm\u00e1li sem lyki me\u00f0 f\u00f3sturr\u00e1\u00f0st\u00f6fun og skyldu \u00fear af lei\u00f0andi nj\u00f3ta a\u00f0ildar a\u00f0 m\u00e1linu.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

\u00deegar a\u00f0ild m\u00e1ls hefur veri\u00f0 afm\u00f6rku\u00f0 er mikilv\u00e6gt a\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnv\u00f6ld veiti \u00feeim sem a\u00f0ild eiga a\u00f0 m\u00e1li r\u00e9tt til \u00fe\u00e1ttt\u00f6ku vi\u00f0 undirb\u00faning \u00feess \u00e1\u00f0ur en stj\u00f3rnvald tekur \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un. Mikil\u00adv\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 skilgreina a\u00f0ildina svo a\u00f0 lj\u00f3st s\u00e9 hverjir hafi andm\u00e6lar\u00e9tt. \u00cd andm\u00e6lar\u00e9tti, sbr. 13. gr. ssl., felst m\u00f6guleiki a\u00f0ila til a\u00f0 kynna s\u00e9r g\u00f6gn m\u00e1ls og koma a\u00f0 frekari uppl\u00fdsing\u00adum um m\u00e1lsatvik og hafa \u00feannig \u00e1hrif \u00e1 me\u00f0fer\u00f0 og \u00farlausn m\u00e1lsins og verja hagsmuni s\u00edna. \u00de\u00e1 ber stj\u00f3rnvaldi a\u00f0 veita a\u00f0ilum nau\u00f0synlega a\u00f0sto\u00f0 og lei\u00f0beiningar, sbr. 7. gr. ssl., og afla nau\u00f0synlegra uppl\u00fdsinga um m\u00e1lsatvik. Mikilv\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 m\u00e1l s\u00e9 n\u00e6gilega rannsak\u00ada\u00f0 \u00e1\u00f0ur en \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un er tekin, sbr. 10. gr. ssl. \u00dev\u00ed ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 afla \u00feeirra uppl\u00fdsinga sem nau\u00f0synlegar eru til \u00feess a\u00f0 h\u00e6gt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 taka efnislega \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un \u00ed m\u00e1linu.[27]<\/a> \u00de\u00e1 skal a\u00f0eins taka \u00ed\u00feyngjandi \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un s\u00e9 ekki v\u00f6l \u00e1 v\u00e6gara \u00farr\u00e6\u00f0i sem \u00fej\u00f3nar settu markmi\u00f0i og skal \u00feess g\u00e6tt a\u00f0 ekki s\u00e9 fari\u00f0 strangara \u00ed sakirnar en nau\u00f0syn ber til heldur g\u00e6ta me\u00f0alh\u00f3fs, sbr. 12. gr. ssl.[28]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00deegar m\u00e1l hefur veri\u00f0 fullrannsaka\u00f0 og a\u00f0ila \u00feess veittur m\u00f6guleiki \u00e1 a\u00f0 koma sj\u00f3narmi\u00f0um s\u00ednum \u00e1 framf\u00e6ri er tekin formleg og r\u00f6kstudd \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un sem skal kynna a\u00f0ilum m\u00e1ls og lei\u00f0beina \u00feeim um \u00feau \u00farr\u00e6\u00f0i og k\u00e6ruheimildir sem standa til bo\u00f0a til a\u00f0 f\u00e1 \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un stj\u00f3rnvalds endursko\u00f0a\u00f0a. \u00c1kvar\u00f0anir stj\u00f3rnvalda eru almennt k\u00e6ranlegar til \u00e6\u00f0ra stj\u00f3rnvalds, sbr. 26. gr. ssl., \u00fe.e. til r\u00e1\u00f0herra e\u00f0a sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0ra \u00farskur\u00f0ara\u00f0ila eftir \u00fev\u00ed sem vi\u00f0 \u00e1. \u00c6\u00f0ri stj\u00f3rnv\u00f6ld hafa r\u00edkar heimildir til \u00feess a\u00f0 fella \u00far gildi ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u l\u00e6gra setts stj\u00f3rnvalds, breyta henni e\u00f0a taka n\u00fdja \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un.[29]<\/sup><\/a> \u00dea\u00f0 lei\u00f0ir almennt til \u00f3gildingar stj\u00f3rnvalds\u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0unar ef stj\u00f3rnvald fylgir ekki m\u00e1lsme\u00f0fer\u00f0ar\u00adreglum. \u00deessu er \u00fe\u00f3 \u00f3l\u00edkt fari\u00f0 \u00feegar um er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a barnaverndarm\u00e1l \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 er vi\u00f0urkennt sj\u00f3narmi\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00feau m\u00e1l s\u00e9u svo s\u00e9rstaks e\u00f0lis a\u00f0 \u00e1gallar \u00e1 m\u00e1lsme\u00f0fer\u00f0 s\u00e9u alla jafna ekki n\u00e6gileg \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a \u00f3gildingar \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0unar. \u00cd barnaverndarm\u00e1lum \u00fearf fyrst og fremst a\u00f0 l\u00edta til hagsmuna \u00feess barns sem um r\u00e6\u00f0ir og getur \u00fea\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 til \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un stj\u00f3rnvalda ver\u00f0i sta\u00f0fest \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir alvarlega annmarka \u00e1 m\u00e1lsme\u00f0fer\u00f0, sbr. Hrd. 172\/2003 og Hrd. 511\/1998.[30]<\/a><\/p>\n

Ef a\u00f0ili er \u00f3s\u00e1ttur vi\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnvalds\u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un getur hann kvarta\u00f0 til vi\u00f0eigandi eftirlits\u00adstofn\u00adana, s.s. G\u00e6\u00f0a- og eftirlitsstofnunar velfer\u00f0arm\u00e1la (\u00e1\u00f0ur Barnaverndar\u00adstofu), sbr. 8. gr. bvl. og l\u00f6g nr. 88\/2021 um G\u00e6\u00f0a- og eftirlitsstofnun velfer\u00f0arm\u00e1la e\u00f0a til umbo\u00f0s\u00admanns Al\u00feingis sem fer me\u00f0 eftirlit me\u00f0 stj\u00f3rns\u00fdslu r\u00edkis og sveitarf\u00e9laga og tryggir r\u00e9tt borgar\u00adanna gagnvart stj\u00f3rnv\u00f6ldum, sbr. 1. mgr. 2. gr. laga nr. 85\/1997 um umbo\u00f0s\u00admann Al\u00feing\u00adis. A\u00f0ili getur jafnframt leita\u00f0 til d\u00f3mst\u00f3la me\u00f0 v\u00edsan til 60. gr. og 1. mgr. 70. gr. stj\u00f3rn\u00adar\u00adskr\u00e1rinnar. Allir eiga r\u00e9tt \u00e1 a\u00f0 f\u00e1 \u00farskur\u00f0 um r\u00e9ttindi s\u00edn og skyldur fyrir sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0um d\u00f3mst\u00f3lum og d\u00f3mst\u00f3lar fara me\u00f0 eftirlit me\u00f0 framkv\u00e6mdar\u00advaldinu og skera \u00far \u00e1greiningi um emb\u00e6ttistakm\u00f6rk yfirvalda. Endanlegt \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0unarvald er \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 megin\u00adreglu \u00ed h\u00f6ndum d\u00f3mst\u00f3la \u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnv\u00f6ld afgrei\u00f0i m\u00e1l \u00e1 fyrri stigum. D\u00f3mst\u00f3lum eru \u00fe\u00f3 settar \u00e1kve\u00f0nar skor\u00f0ur en \u00feeir geta \u00f3gilt \u00e1kvar\u00f0anir fram\u00adkv\u00e6mdar\u00advalds\u00adhafa ef \u00feeim er \u00e1f\u00e1tt a\u00f0 formi e\u00f0a efni, en vegna valdmarka d\u00f3msvalds og framkv\u00e6mdarvalds skv. 2. gr. stjskr. geta d\u00f3m\u00adst\u00f3lar almennt ekki teki\u00f0 n\u00fdjar og efnislegar \u00e1kvar\u00f0anir um m\u00e1lefni sem l\u00f6gum samkv\u00e6mt eru \u00e1 hendi handhafa fram\u00adkv\u00e6mda\u00adrvalds \u00ed sta\u00f0 stj\u00f3rn\u00advalds\u00ad\u00e1kvar\u00f0ana sem \u00f3giltar kunna a\u00f0 ver\u00f0a me\u00f0 d\u00f3mi.[31]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

M\u00e1l forsj\u00e1rlauss f\u00f6\u00f0ur (A)<\/strong><\/p>\n

A eigna\u00f0ist sitt fyrsta barn en f\u00f3r ekki me\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 barnsins \u00fear sem hann var ekki \u00ed samb\u00fa\u00f0 e\u00f0a hj\u00faskap me\u00f0 barnsm\u00f3\u00f0ur sinni og f\u00f3r h\u00fan \u00fev\u00ed ein me\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 barnsins skv. 2. mgr. 29. gr. bl. \u00deegar barni\u00f0 var fj\u00f6gurra vikna afsala\u00f0i m\u00f3\u00f0ir forsj\u00e1 barnsins til barnavernd\u00adarnefndar (n\u00fa barnaverndar\u00fej\u00f3nustu). Barnavernd leita\u00f0i afst\u00f6\u00f0u A sem kynf\u00f6\u00f0ur barns\u00adins, sem \u00f3ska\u00f0i eftir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 taka barni\u00f0 a\u00f0 s\u00e9r.<\/p>\n

Barnavernd kanna\u00f0i a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur A me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 funda me\u00f0 honum \u00e1samt m\u00f3\u00f0ur hans, og afla uppl\u00fdsinga um A fr\u00e1 l\u00f6greglu. Barnavernd afla\u00f0i ekki frekari gagna e\u00f0a uppl\u00fdsinga til a\u00f0 kanna grundv\u00f6ll \u00feess a\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0stafa barninu til A.[32]<\/a> M\u00e1li\u00f0 var lagt fyrir teymisfund barnaverndar, sem taldi \u00fea\u00f0 samr\u00e6mdist best hagsmunum barnsins a\u00f0 fela tilteknum f\u00f3sturforeldrum umsj\u00e1 \u00feess. \u00dear sem a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur \u00feeirra v\u00e6ru a\u00f0 \u00f6llu leyti mun betri en A sem ekki hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 \u00ed a\u00f0st\u00f6\u00f0u til \u00feess a\u00f0 mynda tengsl vi\u00f0 barni\u00f0 og f\u00e6ri ekki me\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 \u00feess. Ger\u00f0ur var samningur vi\u00f0 f\u00f3stur\u00adforeldra um varanlegt f\u00f3stur barnsins og hann svo lag\u00f0ur fyrir fund barnaverndar\u00adnefndar (n\u00fa Umd\u00e6misr\u00e1\u00f0 barnaverndar) til sta\u00f0festingar.<\/p>\n

A f\u00f3r fyrir fund nefndarinnar og kraf\u00f0ist \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un um varanlegt f\u00f3stur yr\u00f0i \u00f3gild og honum falin forsj\u00e1 barnsins, en til vara a\u00f0 hann fengi r\u00edflega umgengni vi\u00f0 barni\u00f0. \u00de\u00e1 kraf\u00f0ist A \u00feess a\u00f0 barnaverndarnefnd svara\u00f0i og r\u00f6kstyddi skriflega hvers vegna gengi\u00f0 hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 fram hj\u00e1 f\u00f6\u00f0ur sem m\u00f6gulegum umsj\u00e1ra\u00f0ila barnsins, hvort fari\u00f0 hef\u00f0i fram mat \u00e1 h\u00e6fi f\u00f6\u00f0ur til a\u00f0 fara me\u00f0 umsj\u00e1 barnsins og hvers vegna strax hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 ger\u00f0ur varanlegur f\u00f3stursamningur vi\u00f0 \u00f3skylda a\u00f0ila, en ekki reynt a\u00f0 vista barni\u00f0 t\u00edmabundi\u00f0 hj\u00e1 f\u00f6\u00f0ur \u00feess. Barnaverndarnefnd sta\u00f0festi f\u00f3stursamninginn \u00fear sem \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un um varanlegt f\u00f3stur hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 tekin me\u00f0 l\u00f6gformlegum h\u00e6tti og \u00farskur\u00f0a\u00f0i um a\u00f0 A fengi umgengni vi\u00f0 barni\u00f0 \u00ferisvar sinnum \u00e1 \u00e1ri \u00ed tvo t\u00edma \u00ed senn.[33]<\/a><\/p>\n

A k\u00e6r\u00f0i ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u barnaverndarnefndar til k\u00e6runefndar barnaverndarm\u00e1la (n\u00fa \u00farskur\u00f0arnefnd velfer\u00f0arm\u00e1la) sem sta\u00f0festi \u00farskur\u00f0 nefndarinnar. A sendi \u00fe\u00e1 kv\u00f6rtun til Barnaverndarstofu (n\u00fa Barna- og fj\u00f6lskyldustofu). \u00cd kv\u00f6rtuninni voru ger\u00f0ar athugasemdir vi\u00f0 m\u00e1lsme\u00f0fer\u00f0ina og jafnframt lag\u00f0ar fram \u00fdmsar spurningar \u00ed tengslum vi\u00f0 verkferla og \u00farlausnir m\u00e1la sem \u00feessa. Barnaverndarstofa f\u00f3r yfir vinnslu barnavernd\u00adar\u00adnefndar \u00e1 m\u00e1li barnsins og ger\u00f0i athugasemdir vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 m\u00e1ls\u00adme\u00f0\u00adfer\u00f0ar\u00adreglur hef\u00f0u ekki veri\u00f0 virtar \u00feegar \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un var tekin um umgengni f\u00f6\u00f0ur vi\u00f0 barni\u00f0. \u00cd fyrsta lagi var ger\u00f0 athugasemd vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 barnaverndarnefnd hef\u00f0i ekki \u00e1tt frumkv\u00e6\u00f0i a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 n\u00e1 sam\u00adkomu\u00adlagi vi\u00f0 f\u00f6\u00f0ur um umgengni strax vi\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0st\u00f6fun barnsins utan heimilis l\u00edkt og nefndinni bar l\u00f6gum samkv\u00e6mt; \u00ed \u00f6\u00f0ru lagi var ger\u00f0 athugasemd vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 nefndin hef\u00f0i ekki teki\u00f0 \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un um umgengni f\u00f6\u00f0ur vi\u00f0 barni\u00f0 fyrr en fimm m\u00e1nu\u00f0um eftir a\u00f0 barni\u00f0 var vista\u00f0 utan heimilis, sem stangast \u00e1 vi\u00f0 m\u00e1lshra\u00f0areglu barnaverndarlaga; \u00ed \u00feri\u00f0ja lagi var ger\u00f0 athugasemd vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 f\u00f6\u00f0ur\u00f6mmu barnsins hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 synja\u00f0 um a\u00f0 gera kr\u00f6fu um umgengni vi\u00f0 barni\u00f0 \u00fevert \u00e1 laga\u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i \u00fear um; \u00ed fj\u00f3r\u00f0a lagi var ger\u00f0 athuga\u00adsemd vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 fa\u00f0ir hef\u00f0i ekki veri\u00f0 uppl\u00fdstur um dvalarsta\u00f0 barnsins. A\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0ru leyti taldi Barnaverndar\u00adstofa vinnslu m\u00e1lsins almennt vera \u00ed r\u00e9ttum farvegi og fjalla\u00f0i ekki um a\u00f0ra hluta kv\u00f6rtunar A e\u00f0a svara\u00f0i spurningum sem komu fram \u00ed kv\u00f6rtuninni. Barna\u00adverndar\u00adstofa t\u00f3k \u00fev\u00ed \u00ed raun a\u00f0eins \u00e1 hluta kv\u00f6rtunar f\u00f6\u00f0ur.[34]<\/a><\/p>\n

A leita\u00f0i einnig \u00e1lits umbo\u00f0smanns barna til \u00feess a\u00f0 barni v\u00e6ri r\u00e1\u00f0stafa\u00f0 \u00ed varanlegt f\u00f3stur \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 kanna\u00f0ur v\u00e6ri grundv\u00f6llur \u00feess a\u00f0 koma barni fyrir hj\u00e1 kynforeldri og afst\u00f6\u00f0u umbo\u00f0smanns barna til umgengnisr\u00e9ttar barna \u00ed f\u00f3stri. Umbo\u00f0sma\u00f0ur barna sendi fr\u00e1 s\u00e9r \u00e1lit 25. mars 2014 \u00fear sem spurningum A er svara\u00f0 almennt. Umbo\u00f0sma\u00f0ur kve\u00f0ur \u00ed \u00e1liti s\u00ednu a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00e1kvar\u00f0anir sem var\u00f0a b\u00f6rn skuli \u00e1vallt hafa \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 lei\u00f0arlj\u00f3si sem er barni fyrir bestu og \u00fea\u00f0 eigi einnig vi\u00f0 um \u00e1kvar\u00f0anir um r\u00e1\u00f0st\u00f6fun barns \u00ed f\u00f3stur. A\u00f0 sj\u00e1lfs\u00f6g\u00f0u beri a\u00f0 kanna hvort grundv\u00f6llur s\u00e9 fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0stafa barni til foreldris, sbr. 67. gr. a bvl., og barnaverndarnefnd beri m.a. a\u00f0 meta h\u00e6fi kynforeldris. \u00de\u00e1 kva\u00f0 umbo\u00f0s\u00adma\u00f0ur a\u00f0 \u00f3heimilt v\u00e6ri a\u00f0 mismuna b\u00f6rnum eftir st\u00f6\u00f0u \u00feeirra sj\u00e1lfra e\u00f0a foreldra \u00feeirra. \u00dev\u00ed v\u00e6ri ekki r\u00e9tt a\u00f0 sker\u00f0a e\u00f0a takmarka umgengni barns vi\u00f0 foreldri af \u00feeirri \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0u einni a\u00f0 barni hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0stafa\u00f0 \u00ed f\u00f3stur. R\u00e9ttur barns til umgengni v\u00e6ri s\u00e1 sami \u00f3h\u00e1\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed hvort barn byggi hj\u00e1 \u00f6\u00f0ru foreldri e\u00f0a f\u00f3sturforeldrum. \u00c1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un um umgengni \u00feyrfti \u00fe\u00f3 \u00e1vallt a\u00f0 taka \u00fat fr\u00e1 a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0um hverju sinni og \u00fev\u00ed sem er barni fyrir bestu. S\u00f6mu sj\u00f3narmi\u00f0 \u00e6ttu a\u00f0 liggja til grundvallar \u00feegar umgengni er \u00e1kve\u00f0in, hvort sem um er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a umgengni samkv\u00e6mt barnal\u00f6gum e\u00f0a barnavernd\u00adar\u00adl\u00f6gum. Vissu\u00adlega g\u00e6tu a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur og \u00fearfir barns veri\u00f0 mismunandi \u00feegar \u00fea\u00f0 b\u00fdr hj\u00e1 foreldrum annars vegar og hins vegar \u00feegar \u00fev\u00ed hefur veri\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0stafa\u00f0 \u00ed f\u00f3stur. \u00de\u00e1 taldi umbo\u00f0s\u00adma\u00f0ur a\u00f0 umgengni \u00ferisvar \u00e1 \u00e1ri \u00ed tv\u00e6r klukkustundir \u00ed senn myndi ekki tryggja r\u00e9tt barns til reglu\u00adlegrar umgengni og a\u00f0 ef tali\u00f0 v\u00e6ri nau\u00f0synlegt a\u00f0 takmarka umgengni me\u00f0 \u00feessum h\u00e6tti vegna hagsmuna barnsins \u00fe\u00e1 \u00feyrfti a\u00f0 r\u00f6ksty\u00f0ja \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9rstaklega \u00fat fr\u00e1 a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0um barnsins og h\u00e6fni foreldris.[35]<\/a> \u00der\u00e1tt fyrir \u00feessa ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u umbo\u00f0smanns barna var ekki fallist \u00e1 bei\u00f0ni A um \u00edtarlegri umgengni og \u00fear sem ekki haf\u00f0i veri\u00f0 fallist \u00e1 kr\u00f6fu hans um \u00f3gildingu \u00e1 \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un um vistun barnsins \u00ed varanlegu f\u00f3stri hj\u00e1 vandalausum leita\u00f0i A r\u00e9ttar s\u00edns fyrir d\u00f3mst\u00f3lum.<\/p>\n

A h\u00f6f\u00f0a\u00f0i m\u00e1l gegn barnaverndarnefnd \u00fear sem hann kraf\u00f0ist \u00feess a\u00f0 honum yr\u00f0i falin forsj\u00e1 barnsins og f\u00f3r fram \u00e1 \u00f3gildingu \u00e1 \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un barnaverndar\u00adnefndar \u00e1 vistun \u00feess \u00ed varanlegu f\u00f3stri til 18 \u00e1ra aldurs. \u00de\u00e1 kraf\u00f0ist hann \u00feess til vara a\u00f0 honum yr\u00f0i \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0u\u00f0 umgengni vi\u00f0 barni\u00f0. Barnaverndarnefnd kraf\u00f0ist fr\u00e1v\u00edsunar m\u00e1lsins \u00e1 grund\u00advelli \u00f3sk\u00fdrrar kr\u00f6fuger\u00f0ar, vanreifunar og \u00feess a\u00f0 fa\u00f0ir g\u00e6ti ekki h\u00f6f\u00f0a\u00f0 forsj\u00e1rm\u00e1l \u00e1 grundvelli barna\u00adlaga \u00fear sem ekki v\u00e6ri um a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a \u00e1greining foreldra um forsj\u00e1, auk \u00feess sem ekki hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 ger\u00f0 krafa um \u00f3gildingu gildandi \u00farskur\u00f0ar um umgengni og a\u00f0 f\u00f3sturforeldrar yr\u00f0u a\u00f0 eiga a\u00f0ild a\u00f0 sl\u00edku m\u00e1li. M\u00e1li\u00f0 var flutt var\u00f0andi fr\u00e1v\u00edsun og var v\u00edsa\u00f0 fr\u00e1 d\u00f3mi me\u00f0 \u00farskur\u00f0i h\u00e9ra\u00f0sd\u00f3ms Nor\u00f0urlands eystra 18. j\u00fan\u00ed 2015. H\u00e9ra\u00f0sd\u00f3mur v\u00edsa\u00f0i m\u00e1linu fr\u00e1 \u00fear sem a\u00f0alkr\u00f6fur f\u00f6\u00f0ur f\u00e6lu einnig \u00ed s\u00e9r kr\u00f6fu um a\u00f0 samningur um f\u00f3stur barnsins, sem f\u00f3sturforeldrar barnsins v\u00e6ru a\u00f0ilar a\u00f0, yr\u00f0i felldur \u00far gildi. F\u00f3sturforeldrarnir hef\u00f0u \u00fev\u00ed hagsmuna a\u00f0 g\u00e6ta \u00ed m\u00e1linu og \u00fev\u00ed nau\u00f0synlegt a\u00f0 gefa \u00feeim kost \u00e1 a\u00f0 verja hagsmuni s\u00edna \u00ed m\u00e1linu. \u00dear af lei\u00f0andi v\u00e6ri ekki unnt a\u00f0 leggja d\u00f3m \u00e1 a\u00f0alkr\u00f6fu f\u00f6\u00f0ur var\u00f0andi forsj\u00e1. \u00de\u00e1 var varakr\u00f6fu hans var\u00f0andi umgengni jafnframt v\u00edsa\u00f0 fr\u00e1 d\u00f3mi \u00fear sem \u00fea\u00f0 v\u00e6ri ekki hlutverk d\u00f3mst\u00f3la a\u00f0 kve\u00f0a \u00e1 um inntak umgengnisr\u00e9ttar \u00e1 grundvelli barna\u00adverndar\u00adlaga.<\/p>\n

A k\u00e6r\u00f0i ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0una til H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar sem sta\u00f0festi fr\u00e1v\u00edsun m\u00e1lsins. H\u00e6stir\u00e9ttur hafn\u00ada\u00f0i \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 f\u00f3sturfor\u00adeldrar\u00adnir skyldu eiga a\u00f0ild a\u00f0 m\u00e1li er var\u00f0a\u00f0i forsj\u00e1 barnsins e\u00f0a \u00f3gild\u00adingu \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0unar barnaverndarnefndar um r\u00e1\u00f0st\u00f6fun barnsins \u00ed varan\u00adlegt f\u00f3stur, enda f\u00e6ru \u00feau ekki me\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 barnsins og hef\u00f0u \u00e1 engan h\u00e1tt sta\u00f0i\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un um vistun \u00feess \u00ed varanlegu f\u00f3stri. \u00dev\u00ed v\u00e6ru ekki efni til a\u00f0 \u00feau \u00e6ttu a\u00f0ild a\u00f0 m\u00e1li hva\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 var\u00f0a\u00f0i og ekki r\u00f6k til \u00feess a\u00f0 v\u00edsa a\u00f0alkr\u00f6fu f\u00f6\u00f0ur fr\u00e1 d\u00f3mi \u00e1 \u00feeim grundvelli. H\u00e6stir\u00e9ttur v\u00edsa\u00f0i m\u00e1linu hins vegar fr\u00e1 \u00e1 \u00feeim grundvelli a\u00f0 ef fallist v\u00e6ri \u00e1 kr\u00f6fur f\u00f6\u00f0ur um forsj\u00e1 barnsins og \u00f3gildingu \u00e1 \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un um varanlegt f\u00f3stur barnsins st\u00e6\u00f0i eftir sem \u00e1\u00f0ur eftir samningur barnaverndar\u00adnefndar vi\u00f0 f\u00f3sturforeldra um vistun barnsins \u00ed f\u00f3stri. H\u00e6stir\u00e9ttur leit svo \u00e1 a\u00f0 A hef\u00f0i ekki hagsmuni af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 f\u00e1 forsj\u00e1 barnsins og \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un barnaverndarnefndar um vistun barnsins \u00ed varanlegu f\u00f3stri \u00f3gilta \u00fear sem f\u00f3stur\u00adsamningur\u00adinn st\u00e6\u00f0i \u00e1fram, \u00fe\u00f3 svo a\u00f0 \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un um vistun barnsins \u00ed varanlegu f\u00f3stri sem st\u00f3\u00f0 a\u00f0 baki f\u00f3stursamn\u00adingn\u00adum yr\u00f0i \u00f3gilt. \u00de\u00e1 v\u00edsa\u00f0i H\u00e6stir\u00e9ttur jafnframt til \u00feess a\u00f0 A hef\u00f0i ekki gert vi\u00f0hl\u00edtandi grein fyrir h\u00e6fni sinni til a\u00f0 fara me\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 barnsins og sta\u00f0festi \u00fev\u00ed fr\u00e1v\u00edsun m\u00e1lsins. Fr\u00e1v\u00edsun \u00e1 varakr\u00f6fu A var svo sta\u00f0fest me\u00f0 v\u00edsan til forsendna.[36]<\/a><\/p>\n

A h\u00f6f\u00f0a\u00f0i n\u00fdtt m\u00e1l gegn barnaverndarnefnd og kraf\u00f0ist forsj\u00e1r barnsins, \u00f3gildingar \u00e1 vistun \u00feess og jafnframt \u00f3gildingar \u00e1 f\u00f3stur\u00adsamn\u00adingi. Til vara kraf\u00f0ist hann \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00farskur\u00f0ur barnaverndarnefndar um umgengni yr\u00f0i felldur \u00far gildi og inntak umgengnis\u00adr\u00e9ttar \u00e1kve\u00f0i\u00f0. F\u00f3sturforeldrunum var stefnt til a\u00f0 \u00feola d\u00f3m \u00ed m\u00e1linu. Barnavernd\u00adar\u00adnefnd kraf\u00f0ist aftur fr\u00e1v\u00edsunar m\u00e1lsins \u00e1 grundvelli vanreifunar og \u00feess a\u00f0 ekki v\u00e6ri unnt a\u00f0 reka m\u00e1li\u00f0 \u00e1 grundvelli barnalaga, auk \u00feess sem A hef\u00f0i ekki fari\u00f0 fram \u00e1 \u00f3gildingu \u00e1 yfirl\u00fdsingu m\u00f3\u00f0ur \u00fear sem h\u00fan afsala\u00f0i s\u00e9r forsj\u00e1 og \u00f3ska\u00f0i \u00feess a\u00f0 barni\u00f0 yr\u00f0i vista\u00f0 hj\u00e1 f\u00f3sturforeldrum \u00feess. \u00de\u00e1 hef\u00f0i A ekki gert grein fyrir h\u00e6fni sinni til \u00feess a\u00f0 fara me\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 barnsins. Barnaverndarnefnd kraf\u00f0ist \u00feess a\u00f0 ef d\u00f3murinn teldi unnt a\u00f0 reka m\u00e1li\u00f0 \u00e1 grundvelli barnalaga \u00a0yr\u00f0i \u00fev\u00ed v\u00edsa\u00f0 fr\u00e1 \u00fear sem s\u00e1ttame\u00f0fer\u00f0 hef\u00f0i ekki fari\u00f0 fram \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 \u00e1skilna\u00f0 1. mgr. 33. gr. a bl. Barnaverndarnefnd taldi jafnframt a\u00f0 A g\u00e6ti ekki \u00e1tt a\u00f0ild a\u00f0 \u00f3gildingu \u00e1 f\u00f3stursamningi \u00fear sem hann hef\u00f0i ekki \u00e1tt a\u00f0ild a\u00f0 honum. Auk \u00feess sem forsj\u00e1rlaust foreldri, sem ekki hefur veitt sam\u00feykki sitt fyrir r\u00e1\u00f0st\u00f6funum, g\u00e6ti ekki \u00e1tt kr\u00f6fu um endursko\u00f0un \u00feeirra. \u00de\u00e1 taldi barnaverndarnefnd A ekki hafa l\u00f6g\u00advar\u00f0a hagsmuni af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 f\u00e1 \u00farskur\u00f0 um umgengni felldan \u00far gildi og kom me\u00f0 \u00fdmis r\u00f6k fyrir \u00fev\u00ed sem ekki \u00feykir \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a til a\u00f0 reifa s\u00e9rstaklega. F\u00f3sturforeldrarnir kr\u00f6f\u00f0ust \u00feess a\u00f0 m\u00e1linu yr\u00f0i v\u00edsa\u00f0 fr\u00e1 \u00fear sem krafa A \u00e1 hendur \u00feeim um a\u00f0 \u00feola d\u00f3m \u00ed m\u00e1linu \u00e6tti s\u00e9r ekki lagasto\u00f0. Auk \u00feess sem kr\u00f6fur A v\u00e6ru vanreifa\u00f0ar og a\u00f0 A g\u00e6ti ekki krafist \u00f3gildingar f\u00f3stur\u00adsamnings\u00adins \u00fear sem hann v\u00e6ri ekki a\u00f0ili a\u00f0 honum. H\u00e9ra\u00f0sd\u00f3mur v\u00edsa\u00f0i m\u00e1linu fr\u00e1 a\u00f0 n\u00fdju \u00e1 \u00feeim grundvelli a\u00f0 kr\u00f6fur A um forsj\u00e1 og \u00f3gildingu \u00e1 f\u00f3stursamningi v\u00e6ru vanreifa\u00f0ar \u00fear sem hann hef\u00f0i ekki gert vi\u00f0hl\u00edtandi grein fyrir forsj\u00e1rh\u00e6fni sinni og hvernig \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3na\u00f0i hagsmunum barnsins a\u00f0 honum yr\u00f0i falin forsj\u00e1 \u00feess. \u00de\u00e1 \u00fe\u00f3tti A ekki hafa l\u00f6gvar\u00f0a hagsmuni af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 f\u00e1 \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un barna\u00adverndar\u00adnefndar um varanlegt f\u00f3stur barnsins \u00f3gilta. Varakr\u00f6fum var\u00f0andi umgengni var jafnframt v\u00edsa\u00f0 fr\u00e1 \u00e1 s\u00f6mu forsendum og \u00e1\u00f0ur.<\/p>\n

A k\u00e6r\u00f0i \u00farskur\u00f0inn til H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar sem lag\u00f0i fyrir h\u00e9ra\u00f0sd\u00f3m a\u00f0 taka kr\u00f6fur A til efnis\u00adme\u00f0\u00adfer\u00f0\u00adar, a\u00f0 undanskilinni kr\u00f6fu hans um \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un um inntak umgengnis\u00adr\u00e9ttar. \u00cd ni\u00f0ur\u00adst\u00f6\u00f0u H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar kemur fram a\u00f0 \u00fear sem 2. mgr. 34. gr. bl. tekur, samkv\u00e6mt or\u00f0anna hlj\u00f3\u00f0an, a\u00f0eins til \u00feess foreldris sem sam\u00feykkt hefur r\u00e1\u00f0st\u00f6f\u00adun \u00fe\u00e1 t\u00e1lmi \u00fea\u00f0 f\u00f6\u00f0ur a\u00f0 leita r\u00e9ttar s\u00edns samkv\u00e6mt \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0inu. H\u00e6stir\u00e9ttur kva\u00f0 a\u00f0 ekki v\u00e6ri s\u00e9\u00f0 a\u00f0 m\u00e1lefnaleg r\u00f6k st\u00e6\u00f0u fyrir \u00feessari t\u00e1lmun og v\u00e6ri h\u00fan \u00fev\u00ed \u00ed andst\u00f6\u00f0u vi\u00f0 1.\u00a0mgr. 70. gr. stjskr., \u00fe.e. \u00fe\u00e1 grundvallar\u00adreglu a\u00f0 \u00f6llum b\u00e6ri r\u00e9ttur til a\u00f0 f\u00e1 \u00farlausn um r\u00e9ttindi s\u00edn og skyldur me\u00f0 r\u00e9ttl\u00e1tri m\u00e1lsme\u00f0fer\u00f0 fyrir \u00f3h\u00e1\u00f0um og \u00f3hlutdr\u00e6gum d\u00f3m\u00adst\u00f3l, sem og samb\u00e6rilegri reglu 6. gr. mse og jafnr\u00e6\u00f0isreglu 65. gr. stjskr. \u00de\u00e1 bryti t\u00e1lmunin einnig gegn r\u00e9tti A sem foreldris barnsins, sbr. m.a. 1. mgr. 28. gr. bl. og 1. mgr. 7. gr. bs. A \u00e6tti \u00fev\u00ed r\u00e9tt \u00e1 a\u00f0 f\u00e1 \u00far m\u00e1linu skori\u00f0 fyrir d\u00f3mst\u00f3lum. \u00de\u00e1 f\u00e6ri ekkert \u00e1 milli m\u00e1la hvert sakarefni\u00f0 v\u00e6ri, auk \u00feess sem A g\u00e6ti afla\u00f0 frekari gagna og bori\u00f0 fram n\u00fdjar m\u00e1ls\u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0ur undir rekstri m\u00e1lsins til frekari sk\u00fdringar m\u00e1latilb\u00fana\u00f0i s\u00ednum, sbr. 1. mgr. 57. gr. bvl. Auk \u00feess sem d\u00f3mari g\u00e6ti lagt fyrir a\u00f0ila a\u00f0 afla n\u00e1nar tilgreindra gagna, sbr. 2. mgr. 56. gr. bvl., og \u00fev\u00ed ekki tilefni til a\u00f0 v\u00edsa m\u00e1linu fr\u00e1 vegna vanreifunar.[37]<\/a><\/p>\n

Er H\u00e9ra\u00f0sd\u00f3mur haf\u00f0i teki\u00f0 m\u00e1li\u00f0 aftur til me\u00f0fer\u00f0ar lag\u00f0i A fram matsbei\u00f0ni og \u00f3ska\u00f0i eftir d\u00f3mkva\u00f0ningu matsmanns til a\u00f0 meta forsj\u00e1rh\u00e6fni hans til a\u00f0 undirbyggja kr\u00f6fu hans um forsj\u00e1 barnsins \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 sem fram kom \u00ed ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar. Barna\u00adverndarnefnd og f\u00f3sturforeldrarnir kr\u00f6f\u00f0ust \u00feess a\u00f0 synja\u00f0 yr\u00f0i um d\u00f3mkva\u00f0ninguna og kr\u00f6f\u00f0ust a\u00f0 n\u00fdju fr\u00e1v\u00edsunar m\u00e1lsins \u00ed heild me\u00f0 \u00feeim r\u00f6kum a\u00f0 A \u00e6tti ekki l\u00f6gvar\u00f0a hagsmuni vegna kr\u00f6fu um forsj\u00e1 barnsins me\u00f0 v\u00edsan til ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar \u00ed m\u00e1li nr. 334\/2017, sem kve\u00f0inn var upp 21. j\u00fan\u00ed 2017. \u00de\u00e1 t\u00f6ldu \u00feau a\u00f0 mat \u00e1 forsj\u00e1rh\u00e6fni A v\u00e6ri tilgangslaust og A hef\u00f0i glata\u00f0 r\u00e9tti s\u00ednum til a\u00f0 fara fram \u00e1 mat vegna t\u00f3ml\u00e6tis, me\u00f0 v\u00edsan til fyrra m\u00e1ls og \u00feess t\u00edma sem lei\u00f0 fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 m\u00e1li\u00f0 var h\u00f6f\u00f0a\u00f0 og \u00fear til matsbei\u00f0ni var l\u00f6g\u00f0 fram, og v\u00edsu\u00f0u til d\u00f3ms H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar \u00ed m\u00e1li nr. 558\/2011. F\u00f3sturforeldrarnir kv\u00e1\u00f0u jafnframt a\u00f0 d\u00f3mkva\u00f0ning matsmanns me\u00f0 tilheyr\u00adandi ranns\u00f3knar\u00advinnu v\u00e6ri \u00ed\u00feyngjandi fyrir barni\u00f0 og a\u00f0 matsspurningar v\u00e6ru \u00f3lj\u00f3sar.<\/p>\n

H\u00e9ra\u00f0sd\u00f3mur hafna\u00f0i fr\u00e1v\u00edsun m\u00e1lsins, enda hef\u00f0i H\u00e6stir\u00e9ttur me\u00f0 d\u00f3mi s\u00ednum \u00ed m\u00e1li nr. 15\/2017 fali\u00f0 h\u00e9ra\u00f0sd\u00f3mi a\u00f0 taka m\u00e1li\u00f0 til efnisme\u00f0fer\u00f0ar a\u00f0 undanskilinni annarri varakr\u00f6fu A og g\u00e6ti d\u00f3mur H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar \u00ed \u00f6\u00f0ru og \u00f3skyldu m\u00e1li ekki breytt afdr\u00e1ttar\u00adlausum fyrirm\u00e6lum H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar um a\u00f0 h\u00e9ra\u00f0sd\u00f3mur t\u00e6ki kr\u00f6fur A til efnisme\u00f0fer\u00f0ar og \u00fe.\u00e1 m. kr\u00f6fu hans um forsj\u00e1 barnsins. \u00de\u00e1 var einnig s\u00e9rstaklega v\u00edsa\u00f0 til \u00feeirrar ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u H\u00e6sta\u00ad\u00adr\u00e9ttar a\u00f0 ekki v\u00e6ri unnt a\u00f0 fallast \u00e1 vanreifun enda g\u00e6ti A afla\u00f0 frekari gagna undir rekstri m\u00e1lsins til a\u00f0 lei\u00f0a forsj\u00e1rh\u00e6fni s\u00edna \u00ed lj\u00f3s, l\u00edkt og hann freista\u00f0i n\u00fa a\u00f0 gera me\u00f0 d\u00f3mkva\u00f0ningu matsmanns sem v\u00e6ri til \u00feess falli\u00f0 a\u00f0 uppl\u00fdsa m\u00e1li\u00f0. H\u00e9ra\u00f0sd\u00f3mur f\u00e9llst \u00fev\u00ed \u00e1 d\u00f3mkva\u00f0ningu matsmanns til a\u00f0 meta forsj\u00e1rh\u00e6fni A, st\u00f6\u00f0u og l\u00ed\u00f0an barnsins og getu A til a\u00f0 sinna \u00fe\u00f6rfum barnsins og meta hvernig best v\u00e6ri a\u00f0 haga umgengni vi\u00f0 barni\u00f0 ef ekki yr\u00f0i fallist \u00e1 forsj\u00e1rkr\u00f6fu A. Barnaverndar\u00adnefnd og f\u00f3sturforeldrar k\u00e6r\u00f0u ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u h\u00e9ra\u00f0sd\u00f3ms til H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar og kr\u00f6f\u00f0ust \u00feess a\u00f0 d\u00f3mkva\u00f0ningu mats\u00admanns yr\u00f0i hafna\u00f0. H\u00e6stir\u00e9ttur sta\u00f0festi ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u h\u00e9ra\u00f0sd\u00f3ms um d\u00f3mkva\u00f0ningu matsmanns a\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0ru leyti en \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 hafna\u00f0 var \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 lagt yr\u00f0i fyrir matsmann a\u00f0 meta hvernig umgengni yr\u00f0i best h\u00e1tta\u00f0 \u00fear sem H\u00e6stir\u00e9ttur kva\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 mat bers\u00fdnilega tilgangslaust til s\u00f6nnunar \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed hvort barnaverndarnefnd hef\u00f0i byggt \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un s\u00edna um umgengni \u00e1 l\u00f6g\u00adm\u00e6tum grunni, l\u00edkt og h\u00e9ra\u00f0sd\u00f3mari haf\u00f0i lagt til grundvallar \u00feegar hann sam\u00feykkti \u00fe\u00e1 matsspurningu.[38]<\/a><\/p>\n

Ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0a h\u00e9ra\u00f0sd\u00f3ms \u00ed m\u00e1linu var a\u00f0 v\u00edsa fr\u00e1 d\u00f3mi kr\u00f6fu A um forsj\u00e1 barnsins og s\u00fdkna barna\u00advernd\u00adar\u00adnefnd og f\u00f3sturforeldra af \u00f6\u00f0rum kr\u00f6fum A \u00ed m\u00e1linu. Fr\u00e1v\u00edsunin bygg\u00f0i \u00e1 ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar \u00ed m\u00e1li nr. 334\/2017, \u00fear me\u00f0 var viki\u00f0 fr\u00e1 fyrirm\u00e6lum H\u00e6sta\u00adr\u00e9ttar \u00ed m\u00e1li nr. 15\/2017 um a\u00f0 h\u00e9ra\u00f0sd\u00f3mi b\u00e6ri a\u00f0 taka kr\u00f6fu f\u00f6\u00f0ur um forsj\u00e1 til efnisme\u00f0\u00adfer\u00f0ar. H\u00e9ra\u00f0s\u00add\u00f3m\u00adur v\u00edsa\u00f0i kr\u00f6funni fr\u00e1 d\u00f3mi \u00e1 \u00feeim grundvelli a\u00f0 \u00ed kr\u00f6fuger\u00f0 f\u00f6\u00f0ur f\u00e6list ekki a\u00f0eins krafa um a\u00f0 f\u00f3stursamningi yr\u00f0i hnekkt og d\u00f3mst\u00f3lar felldu \u00far gildi \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un barnaverndarnefndar um a\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0stafa barninu \u00ed f\u00f3stur heldur a\u00f0 d\u00f3mst\u00f3lar t\u00e6kju \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un sem l\u00f6ggjafinn hef\u00f0i fali\u00f0 barnaverndarnefnd sem stj\u00f3rnvaldi a\u00f0 taka, a\u00f0 undangengnu mati, og sl\u00edk krafa gengi \u00ed berh\u00f6gg vi\u00f0 2. gr. stj\u00f3rnar\u00adskr\u00e1rinnar. \u00de\u00e1 var \u00fea\u00f0 jafnframt ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0a d\u00f3msins a\u00f0 m\u00e1li\u00f0 hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 n\u00e6gjanlega uppl\u00fdst, af h\u00e1lfu barnaverndar\u00adnefndar, \u00e1\u00f0ur en hin umdeilda \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un um varanlega vistun barnsins hj\u00e1 vandalausum var tekin. \u00c1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un barna\u00adverndarnefndar hef\u00f0i \u00fev\u00ed ekki veri\u00f0 haldin \u00f3gild\u00adingar\u00adannmarka \u00feegar h\u00fan var tekin og a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 myndi ekki \u00fej\u00f3na hagsmunum barnsins a\u00f0 fella \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un\u00adina \u00far gildi.[39]<\/a><\/p>\n

A \u00e1fr\u00fdja\u00f0i m\u00e1linu til Landsr\u00e9ttar og kraf\u00f0ist \u00feess a\u00f0 d\u00f3mi h\u00e9ra\u00f0sd\u00f3ms yr\u00f0i hrundi\u00f0 og a\u00f0 \u00f3gilt yr\u00f0i me\u00f0 d\u00f3mi \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un barnaverndar\u00adnefndar um a\u00f0 vista barni\u00f0 \u00ed varanlegu f\u00f3stri til 18 \u00e1ra aldurs og a\u00f0 f\u00f3stur\u00adsamning\u00adur yr\u00f0i \u00f3giltur. Til vara kraf\u00f0ist A \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00farskur\u00f0\u00adur barnaverndarnefndar um umgengni hans vi\u00f0 barni\u00f0 yr\u00f0i felldur \u00far gildi. Landsr\u00e9ttur sta\u00f0festi ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u h\u00e9ra\u00f0sd\u00f3ms \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir a\u00f0 ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0a Landsr\u00e9ttar v\u00e6ri a\u00f0 annmarkar hef\u00f0u veri\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un barnaverndarnefndar um a\u00f0 vista barni\u00f0 \u00ed varanlegu f\u00f3stri hj\u00e1 f\u00f3sturforeldrum. Landsr\u00e9ttur taldi a\u00f0 \u00ed lj\u00f3si \u00feess a\u00f0 um veigamikla \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a, sem var til \u00feess fallin a\u00f0 hafa varanleg og dj\u00fapst\u00e6\u00f0 \u00e1hrif \u00e1 tengsl A vi\u00f0 barn sitt og gagnkv\u00e6ma m\u00f6guleika \u00feeirra til a\u00f0 \u00fer\u00f3a sl\u00edk tengsl, \u00fe\u00e1 v\u00e6ri fallist \u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0 me\u00f0 A a\u00f0 k\u00f6nnun \u00e1 grundvelli \u00feess a\u00f0 fela honum um\u00f6nnun og uppeldi barnsins hef\u00f0i ekki uppfyllt skilyr\u00f0i 1. mgr. 41. gr. bvl. og 10. gr. ssl., enda f\u00f3r hvorki fram s\u00e9rstakt s\u00e9rfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegt mat \u00e1 forsj\u00e1rh\u00e6fni A n\u00e9 s\u00e9rst\u00f6k k\u00f6nnun \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed hva\u00f0a stu\u00f0nings\u00farr\u00e6\u00f0i v\u00e6ru \u00ed bo\u00f0i til a\u00f0 b\u00e6ta \u00far m\u00f6gulegum skorti \u00e1 forsj\u00e1rh\u00e6fni hans. Ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0a Lands\u00adr\u00e9ttar var a\u00f0 A hef\u00f0i ekki leitt a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed n\u00e6gilegar l\u00edkur a\u00f0 \u00feessir annmarkar \u00e1 m\u00e1lsme\u00f0fer\u00f0 barnaverndar\u00adnefndar hef\u00f0u haft \u00e1hrif \u00e1 efni \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0unar \u00feannig a\u00f0 til \u00f3gildingar g\u00e6ti komi\u00f0. \u00de\u00e1 var jafnframt liti\u00f0 til \u00feess a\u00f0 barni\u00f0 var or\u00f0i\u00f0 fimm \u00e1ra gamalt og haf\u00f0i noti\u00f0 um\u00f6nnunar og uppeldis f\u00f3sturforeldranna fr\u00e1 tveggja m\u00e1na\u00f0a aldri og mynda\u00f0 sterk og n\u00e1in tengsl vi\u00f0 \u00feau. \u00d3gilding \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0unar barnaverndarnefndar v\u00e6ri \u00fev\u00ed til \u00feess fallin a\u00f0 skapa \u00f3vissu um hagi barnsins og raska mikilv\u00e6gum hagsmunum \u00feess. \u00de\u00e1 var h\u00f6fnun \u00e1 varakr\u00f6fu A um \u00f3gildingu umgengnis\u00ad\u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0unar sta\u00f0fest me\u00f0 v\u00edsan til forsendna h\u00e9ra\u00f0s\u00add\u00f3ms.[40]<\/a><\/p>\n

M\u00e1l forsj\u00e1rlauss f\u00f6\u00f0ur (B)<\/strong><\/p>\n

B eigna\u00f0ist barn en f\u00f3r ekki me\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 barnsins \u00fear sem hann var ekki \u00ed samb\u00fa\u00f0 e\u00f0a hj\u00faskap me\u00f0 barnsm\u00f3\u00f0ur sinni og f\u00f3r h\u00fan \u00fev\u00ed ein me\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 barnsins skv. 2. mgr. 29. gr. bl. \u00de\u00f3 a\u00f0 B byggi ekki me\u00f0 barnsm\u00f3\u00f0ur sinni kom hann a\u00f0 uppeldi barnsins. \u00deegar barni\u00f0 var nokkurra m\u00e1na\u00f0a leita\u00f0i barnsm\u00f3\u00f0ir B til hj\u00f3na sem henni haf\u00f0i veri\u00f0 bent \u00e1 a\u00f0 hef\u00f0u \u00e1huga \u00e1 a\u00f0 taka a\u00f0 s\u00e9r barn. Hj\u00f3nin l\u00fdstu \u00fev\u00ed \u00fe\u00e1 yfir vi\u00f0 m\u00f3\u00f0ur a\u00f0 \u00feau hef\u00f0u ekki \u00e1huga \u00e1 a\u00f0 gerast stu\u00f0ningsforeldrar en g\u00e6tu hugsa\u00f0 s\u00e9r a\u00f0 taka barni\u00f0 \u00ed varanlegt f\u00f3stur.<\/p>\n

Afskipti barna\u00adverndar\u00ad h\u00f3fust um tveimur m\u00e1nu\u00f0um s\u00ed\u00f0ar \u00ed kj\u00f6lfar tilkynningar fr\u00e1 heilbrig\u00f0is\u00adyfirv\u00f6ldum um tengslavanda m\u00f3\u00f0ur og barns \u00feegar barni\u00f0 f\u00f3r \u00ed sex m\u00e1na\u00f0a sko\u00f0un. M\u00f3\u00f0ir kva\u00f0 \u00ed tengslum vi\u00f0 k\u00f6nnun m\u00e1ls a\u00f0 h\u00fan v\u00e6ri algj\u00f6rlega bugu\u00f0 og \u00e6tti erfitt me\u00f0 a\u00f0 sinna barninu. B l\u00fdsti einnig yfir vanm\u00e6tti vi\u00f0 um\u00f6nnun barnsins \u00fear sem \u00fea\u00f0 v\u00e6ri mj\u00f6g erfitt og \u00f6skra\u00f0i stanslaust. B\u00e6\u00f0i B og barnsm\u00f3\u00f0ir hans voru uppgefin og kva\u00f0 B \u00fea\u00f0 hafa reynst honum andleg \u00fej\u00e1ning a\u00f0 barni\u00f0 gr\u00e9t \u00fat \u00ed eitt. M\u00f3\u00f0ir l\u00fdsti \u00fev\u00ed yfir a\u00f0 h\u00fan elska\u00f0i barni\u00f0 en hef\u00f0i efasemdir um a\u00f0 h\u00fan og B v\u00e6ru f\u00e6r um a\u00f0 veita barninu \u00fea\u00f0 sem \u00fea\u00f0 \u00feyrfti til framt\u00ed\u00f0ar. M\u00f3\u00f0ir haf\u00f0i \u00fe\u00e1 \u00feegar velt \u00fev\u00ed t\u00f6luvert fyrir s\u00e9r a\u00f0 gefa barni\u00f0 fr\u00e1 s\u00e9r en sag\u00f0ist vir\u00f0a \u00f3skir B sem gat engan veginn hugsa\u00f0 s\u00e9r a\u00f0 gefa barni\u00f0. Barnavernd r\u00e6ddi \u00fev\u00ed vi\u00f0 foreldrana um m\u00f6gu\u00adleg stu\u00f0nings\u00farr\u00e6\u00f0i og benti foreldrum \u00e1 s\u00e9rfr\u00e6\u00f0ing var\u00f0andi tengslavinnu barna og foreldra.<\/p>\n

Viku s\u00ed\u00f0ar var annar fundur me\u00f0 foreldrum sem l\u00fdstu enn yfir vanm\u00e6tti vegna um\u00f6nnunar barnsins og greindu fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00feau hef\u00f0u veri\u00f0 \u00ed samskiptum vi\u00f0 m\u00f6gulega f\u00f3sturforeldra fyrir barni\u00f0. Tveimur vikum s\u00ed\u00f0ar heims\u00f3ttu m\u00f3\u00f0ir og B hj\u00f3nin sem m\u00f3\u00f0ir haf\u00f0i r\u00e6tt vi\u00f0 um a\u00f0 taka barni\u00f0 m\u00f6gulega a\u00f0 s\u00e9r og kom \u00fe\u00e1 fram a\u00f0 B vildi hitta \u00feau en v\u00e6ri ekki kominn til a\u00f0 gefa barni\u00f0 fr\u00e1 s\u00e9r. Daginn eftir hittust foreldrarnir og hj\u00f3nin aftur og r\u00e6ddu fyrirkomulag umsj\u00e1r ef barni\u00f0 f\u00e6ri til \u00feeirra \u00ed f\u00f3stur. M\u00e1nu\u00f0i s\u00ed\u00f0ar haf\u00f0i B samband vi\u00f0 fyrirhuga\u00f0a f\u00f3sturm\u00f3\u00f0ur og kva\u00f0st tilb\u00fainn til a\u00f0 l\u00e1ta barni\u00f0 fr\u00e1 s\u00e9r. Nokkrum d\u00f6gum s\u00ed\u00f0ar m\u00e6ttu foreldrar \u00e1 fund barnavernd\u00adar\u00adnefndar \u00fear sem fram kemur a\u00f0 \u00feau s\u00e9u enn tv\u00edst\u00edgandi, en m\u00f3\u00f0ir kva\u00f0st hallast \u00e6 meira a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 v\u00e6ri barninu fyrir bestu a\u00f0 fara \u00ed f\u00f3stur. \u00de\u00e1 var r\u00e6ddur s\u00e1 m\u00f6guleiki a\u00f0 B t\u00e6ki vi\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 barnsins en hann kva\u00f0st ekki treysta s\u00e9r til \u00feess a\u00f0 vera einn me\u00f0 barni\u00f0 \u00fear sem \u00fea\u00f0 v\u00e6ri mj\u00f6g krefjandi. \u00dea\u00f0 sama var uppi \u00e1 teningnum nokkrum d\u00f6gum s\u00ed\u00f0ar \u00e1 \u00f6\u00f0rum fundi me\u00f0 barnavernd \u00fear sem foreldrar l\u00fdstu yfir vanm\u00e6tti og l\u00fdstu \u00fev\u00ed sem pyntingum a\u00f0 vera me\u00f0 barni\u00f0 og \u00feau hef\u00f0u \u00fev\u00ed veri\u00f0 \u00ed samskiptum vi\u00f0 fyrrgreind hj\u00f3n me\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 \u00ed huga a\u00f0 \u00feau ger\u00f0ust m\u00f6gulega f\u00f3sturforeldrar barnsins en B v\u00e6ri enn \u00f3viss hvort \u00fea\u00f0 v\u00e6ri r\u00e9tt \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un og a\u00f0 m\u00f3\u00f0ir myndi ekki gefa barni\u00f0 eftir \u00e1n hans sam\u00feykkis. Aftur var r\u00e6tt um m\u00f6guleikann \u00e1 a\u00f0 B t\u00e6ki vi\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 barnsins sem hann treysti s\u00e9r ekki til a\u00f0 gera.<\/p>\n

\u00c1 fundi me\u00f0 barnaverndarnefnd, um \u00feremur m\u00e1nu\u00f0um eftir a\u00f0 afskipti barnaverndar h\u00f3fust, l\u00fdstu foreldrar \u00fev\u00ed yfir a\u00f0 \u00feau hef\u00f0u teki\u00f0 \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un um a\u00f0 barni\u00f0 f\u00e6ri \u00ed varanlegt f\u00f3stur til hj\u00f3nanna sem \u00feau h\u00f6f\u00f0u veri\u00f0 \u00ed sambandi vi\u00f0. B greindi fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 hann hef\u00f0i \u00e1tt erfitt me\u00f0 \u00feessa \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un og a\u00f0 hann \u00f3tta\u00f0ist a\u00f0 missa tengslin vi\u00f0 barni\u00f0. \u00de\u00e1 var r\u00e6tt um hvernig umgengni barnsins vi\u00f0 foreldra yr\u00f0i h\u00e1tta\u00f0 fyrst um sinn. M\u00f3\u00f0ir rita\u00f0i \u00e1 fundinum undir sam\u00feykki fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 barnaverndarnefnd t\u00e6ki vi\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 barnsins til 18 \u00e1ra aldurs \u00feess og a\u00f0 barni\u00f0 yr\u00f0i \u00e1 sama t\u00edma vista\u00f0 hj\u00e1 f\u00f3sturforeldrunum sem h\u00fan haf\u00f0i veri\u00f0 \u00ed samskiptum vi\u00f0. B var \u00fe\u00e1 \u00f3s\u00e1ttur vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 ekki hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f6rf \u00e1 hans undirritun \u00fear sem hann haf\u00f0i ekki fari\u00f0 me\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 barnsins og upplif\u00f0i hann a\u00f0 hann skipti ekki eins miklu m\u00e1li. Honum var \u00fe\u00e1 a\u00f0 n\u00fdju kynntur s\u00e1 m\u00f6guleiki a\u00f0 taka vi\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 barnsins sem hann vildi ekki. B veitti \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0eins munnlegt sam\u00feykki fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 fela barnaverndarnefnd forsj\u00e1 barnsins og f\u00f3sturforeldrum umsj\u00e1 \u00feess til 18 \u00e1ra aldurs. Barni\u00f0 f\u00f3r sk\u00f6mmu s\u00ed\u00f0ar \u00ed f\u00f3stur til hj\u00f3nanna eins og um var r\u00e6tt.[41]<\/a><\/p>\n

B kva\u00f0 a\u00f0 honum hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 gefi\u00f0 fyrirheit um r\u00faman umgengnisr\u00e9tt vi\u00f0 barni\u00f0 og hann hef\u00f0i \u00fev\u00ed veitt sam\u00feykki sitt fyrir vistun barnsins. \u00cd f\u00f3stursamningi var kve\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00e1 um a\u00f0 barni\u00f0 hef\u00f0i umgengni vi\u00f0 kynforeldra eftir samkomulagi vi\u00f0 f\u00f3sturforeldra og var mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 umgengni yr\u00f0i a\u00f0 jafna\u00f0i tvisvar \u00ed m\u00e1nu\u00f0i. B kva\u00f0 umgengni hafa gengi\u00f0 vel til a\u00f0 byrja me\u00f0 en s\u00ed\u00f0ar hafi komi\u00f0 fram kr\u00f6fur um a\u00f0 ramma umgengni frekar inn og kom \u00fe\u00e1 til kasta barnaverndar\u00adnefndar a\u00f0 \u00e1kvar\u00f0a umgengni hans vi\u00f0 barni\u00f0. Barnaverndar\u00adnefnd \u00e1kva\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 a\u00f0 B fengi umgengni vi\u00f0 barni\u00f0 a\u00f0ra hverja helgi \u00ed fimm klukkustundir \u00ed senn. B var \u00f3s\u00e1ttur vi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u og kraf\u00f0ist \u00farskur\u00f0ar barnaverndarnefndar um umgengni hans vi\u00f0 barni\u00f0 og kraf\u00f0ist \u00feess a\u00f0 honum yr\u00f0i falin forsj\u00e1 barnsins. Barnaverndarnefnd kva\u00f0 upp \u00farskur\u00f0 t\u00e6pum sex vikum s\u00ed\u00f0ar \u00fear sem kr\u00f6fu hans um forsj\u00e1 var hafna\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00feeim forsendum a\u00f0 hann hef\u00f0i ekki fari\u00f0 me\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 barnsins og g\u00e6ti \u00fev\u00ed ekki \u00e1 grundvelli 34. gr. bvl. krafist endursko\u00f0unar r\u00e1\u00f0stafana sem kynm\u00f3\u00f0ir og forsj\u00e1ra\u00f0ili hef\u00f0u sam\u00feykkt. \u00de\u00e1 var fyrri \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un barnaverndarnefndar um umgengni hans vi\u00f0 barni\u00f0 sta\u00f0\u00adfest \u00ed megindr\u00e1ttum.<\/p>\n

B h\u00f6f\u00f0a\u00f0i \u00fe\u00e1 m\u00e1l gegn barnaverndarnefnd og f\u00f3sturforeldrum og kraf\u00f0ist \u00feess a\u00f0 f\u00f3stursamningi yr\u00f0i hnekkt og honum falin \u00f3skipt forsj\u00e1 barnsins. Til vara kraf\u00f0ist hann \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00farskur\u00f0ur barnaverndarnefndar um umgengni hans vi\u00f0 barni\u00f0 yr\u00f0i felldur \u00far gildi. Barnaverndar\u00adnefnd og f\u00f3sturforeldrar kr\u00f6f\u00f0ust fr\u00e1v\u00edsunar m\u00e1lsins en til vara s\u00fdknu af kr\u00f6fum B. Krafist var fr\u00e1v\u00edsunar \u00e1 \u00feeim grundvelli a\u00f0 ekki v\u00e6ri um a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a sakarefni sem \u00e6tti undir d\u00f3mst\u00f3la, \u00fe\u00e1 v\u00e6ri B ekki a\u00f0ili a\u00f0 f\u00f3stursamningnum sem hann kraf\u00f0ist a\u00f0 yr\u00f0i hnekkt og g\u00e6ti aldrei or\u00f0i\u00f0 a\u00f0ili a\u00f0 honum, sbr. 1. mgr. 68. gr. bvl. \u00de\u00e1 v\u00e6ru \u00ed 77. gr. bvl. t\u00e6mandi taldar \u00fe\u00e6r \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0ur sem leitt g\u00e6tu til endursko\u00f0unar f\u00f3stursamnings sem ger\u00f0ur v\u00e6ri \u00e1 grundvelli 68. gr. bvl., auk \u00feess sem sl\u00edkt yr\u00f0i leyst me\u00f0 samkomulagi a\u00f0ila samn\u00adings\u00adins e\u00f0a \u00farskur\u00f0i barnaverndarnefndar, sem v\u00e6ri k\u00e6ranlegur til \u00farskur\u00f0arnefnd\u00adar velfer\u00f0ar\u00adm\u00e1la, en ekki \u00farlausnarefni sem \u00e6tti undir d\u00f3mst\u00f3la. B g\u00e6ti \u00fev\u00ed ekki krafist \u00f3gildingar \u00e1 samningi sem hann v\u00e6ri ekki a\u00f0ili a\u00f0 og ekki gert sl\u00edka kr\u00f6fu fyrir d\u00f3mst\u00f3lum enda ekki \u00e1 valdsvi\u00f0i d\u00f3mst\u00f3la a\u00f0 \u00f3gilda f\u00f3stursamning samkv\u00e6mt kr\u00f6fu \u00feri\u00f0ja a\u00f0ila og b\u00e6ri \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 v\u00edsa kr\u00f6fum B fr\u00e1 d\u00f3mi. \u00de\u00e1 var krafist fr\u00e1v\u00edsunar \u00e1 varakr\u00f6fu B um \u00f3gildingu \u00e1 \u00farskur\u00f0i barna\u00adverndarnefndar um umgengni hans vi\u00f0 barni\u00f0 \u00fear sem \u00farskur\u00f0urinn s\u00e6tti efnislegri endursko\u00f0un \u00farskur\u00f0arnefndar velfer\u00f0arm\u00e1la \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 f\u00f3stur\u00adforeldr\u00adar k\u00e6r\u00f0u \u00farskur\u00f0 barnaverndar\u00adnefndar og kr\u00f6f\u00f0ust \u00feess a\u00f0 umgengni yr\u00f0i \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0\u00adu\u00f0 minni. D\u00f3m\u00adst\u00f3lar g\u00e6tu \u00fev\u00ed ekki kve\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00e1 um \u00e1litaefni\u00f0 me\u00f0an \u00fea\u00f0 v\u00e6ri enn til me\u00f0fer\u00f0ar hj\u00e1 stj\u00f3rnv\u00f6ldum. \u00de\u00e1 hef\u00f0i B ekki l\u00f6gvar\u00f0a hagsmuni af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 f\u00e1 \u00farskur\u00f0 um \u00f3gildingu \u00e1 \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un l\u00e6gra setts stj\u00f3rnvalds sem hafi s\u00e6tt endursko\u00f0un hj\u00e1 \u00e6\u00f0ra settu stj\u00f3rnvaldi. \u00de\u00e1 var jafnframt krafist fr\u00e1v\u00edsunar varakr\u00f6fu B \u00fear sem krafan sneri \u00ed raun a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 f\u00e1 afst\u00f6\u00f0u d\u00f3mst\u00f3la til inntaks umgengni, en ekki hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 g\u00e6tt r\u00e9ttra m\u00e1lsme\u00f0fer\u00f0ar\u00adreglna e\u00f0a hvort \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0unin hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 bygg\u00f0 \u00e1 l\u00f6gm\u00e6tum sj\u00f3narmi\u00f0um. \u00dev\u00ed \u00e6tti \u00e1lita\u00adefni\u00f0 ekki undir d\u00f3mst\u00f3la, sbr. 4. mgr. 74. gr. bvl. Einnig var v\u00edsa\u00f0 til \u00f3sk\u00fdrleika kr\u00f6fu\u00adger\u00f0\u00adar B, b\u00e6\u00f0i hva\u00f0 var\u00f0a\u00f0i a\u00f0alkr\u00f6fu og varakr\u00f6fu. H\u00e9ra\u00f0sd\u00f3mur v\u00edsa\u00f0i a\u00f0alkr\u00f6fu B fr\u00e1 \u00e1 grundvelli vanreifunar \u00fear sem stefna \u00ed m\u00e1linu haf\u00f0i veri\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 \u00f3gl\u00f6gg a\u00f0 ekki yr\u00f0i me\u00f0 sk\u00fdrum h\u00e6tti felldur d\u00f3mur var\u00f0andi sakarefni\u00f0. H\u00e9ra\u00f0sd\u00f3mur hafna\u00f0i hins vegar fr\u00e1v\u00edsun varakr\u00f6fu B og kva\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 engu breyta a\u00f0 f\u00f3sturforeldrar hef\u00f0u k\u00e6rt \u00farskur\u00f0inn til \u00farskur\u00f0arnefndar velfer\u00f0arm\u00e1la og ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0a nefndarinnar l\u00e6gi ekki fyrir.<\/p>\n

B k\u00e6r\u00f0i \u00farskur\u00f0inn til H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar. H\u00e6stir\u00e9ttur hafna\u00f0i \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 v\u00edsa b\u00e6ri a\u00f0alkr\u00f6fum B fr\u00e1 vegna vanreifunar \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 lj\u00f3st v\u00e6ri hvert sakarefni\u00f0 v\u00e6ri, auk \u00feess sem B g\u00e6ti afla\u00f0 frekari s\u00f6nnunargagna og bori\u00f0 fram n\u00fdjar m\u00e1ls\u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0ur til frekari sk\u00fdringar \u00e1 m\u00e1latilb\u00fan\u00ada\u00f0i s\u00ednum, sbr. 1. mgr. 57. gr. bvl. H\u00e6stir\u00e9ttur v\u00edsa\u00f0i fr\u00e1 kr\u00f6fu B um a\u00f0 honum yr\u00f0i falin forsj\u00e1 barnsins. H\u00e6stir\u00e9ttur taldi a\u00f0 \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir a\u00f0 2. mgr. 34. gr. bvl. yr\u00f0i sk\u00fdr\u00f0 \u00feannig a\u00f0 eftir atvikum g\u00e6ti \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 teki\u00f0 til foreldris sem ekki hef\u00f0i sam\u00feykkt r\u00e1\u00f0st\u00f6fun skv. 25. gr. bvl., \u00fe\u00e1 yr\u00f0i r\u00e9ttarst\u00f6\u00f0u \u00feess ekki jafna\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00f6llu leyti til st\u00f6\u00f0u foreldris sem hef\u00f0i sam\u00feykkt hana \u00fear sem \u00fea\u00f0 f\u00f3r eitt me\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 barns \u00e1\u00f0ur en \u00fea\u00f0 afsala\u00f0i forsj\u00e1nni til barnaverndarnefndar. Foreldri v\u00e6ri j\u00e1ta\u00f0ur r\u00e9ttur til a\u00f0 krefjast \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed yr\u00f0i falin forsj\u00e1 barns a\u00f0 n\u00fdju en \u00fea\u00f0 g\u00e6ti ekki \u00e1tt vi\u00f0 foreldri sem ekki haf\u00f0i fari\u00f0 me\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 \u00feegar \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0unin var tekin. Barna\u00adverndarnefnd v\u00e6ri a\u00f0eins heimilt en ekki skylt a\u00f0 afsala s\u00e9r forsj\u00e1 til forsj\u00e1rlauss foreldris, sbr. 3, mgr. 67. gr. a bvl. Me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 krefjast \u00feess fyrir d\u00f3mi a\u00f0 B yr\u00f0i falin forsj\u00e1 barnsins f\u00e6ri hann ekki a\u00f0eins fram \u00e1 a\u00f0 f\u00f3stursamningi yr\u00f0i hnekkt og \u00fear me\u00f0 \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un barnaverndarnefndar um a\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0stafa barninu \u00ed f\u00f3stur felld \u00far gildi heldur f\u00e6ri hann fram \u00e1 a\u00f0 d\u00f3mst\u00f3lar t\u00e6kju \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un sem l\u00f6ggjafinn haf\u00f0i fali\u00f0 barnaverndar\u00adnefnd sem stj\u00f3rnvaldi a\u00f0 taka, a\u00f0 undangengnu mati. Sl\u00edk krafa gengi \u00fev\u00ed \u00ed berh\u00f6gg vi\u00f0 2. gr. stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1rinnar sem kve\u00f0ur \u00e1 um \u00fer\u00edskiptingu r\u00edkis\u00advaldsins \u00fear sem sakarefni\u00f0 \u00e6tti undir framkv\u00e6mdarvaldi\u00f0 en ekki d\u00f3mst\u00f3la. Kr\u00f6fu B um a\u00f0 honum yr\u00f0i falin forsj\u00e1 barnsins var \u00fev\u00ed v\u00edsa\u00f0 fr\u00e1 d\u00f3mi, en h\u00e9ra\u00f0sd\u00f3mi gert a\u00f0 taka til efnisme\u00f0fer\u00f0ar kr\u00f6fu hans um a\u00f0 f\u00f3stursamningi yr\u00f0i hnekkt en ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0a h\u00e9ra\u00f0sd\u00f3ms sta\u00f0fest a\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0ru leyti.[42]<\/a><\/p>\n

B kraf\u00f0ist \u00feess, a\u00f0 d\u00f3mkvaddur yr\u00f0i matsma\u00f0ur, til a\u00f0 meta forsj\u00e1rh\u00e6fni hans. Barna\u00adverndar\u00adnefnd og f\u00f3sturforeldrar kr\u00f6f\u00f0ust \u00feess a\u00f0 d\u00f3mkva\u00f0ningu matsmanns yr\u00f0i hafna\u00f0 \u00fear sem kr\u00f6fu B um forsj\u00e1 hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 v\u00edsa\u00f0 fr\u00e1 og a\u00f0 mat \u00e1 forsj\u00e1rh\u00e6fni B n\u00fa hef\u00f0i ekkert a\u00f0 gera me\u00f0 s\u00f6nnun um \u00fea\u00f0 hvernig sta\u00f0i\u00f0 hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 m\u00e1lum \u00e1 s\u00ednum t\u00edma og mati\u00f0 hef\u00f0i \u00fev\u00ed ekki \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingu fyrir \u00fea\u00f0 \u00farlausnarefni sem v\u00e6ri til me\u00f0fer\u00f0ar \u00ed m\u00e1linu, auk \u00feess sem matsbei\u00f0ni v\u00e6ri \u00f3sk\u00fdr. H\u00e9ra\u00f0sd\u00f3mur hafna\u00f0i \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 matsbei\u00f0ni B v\u00e6ri \u00f3sk\u00fdr en f\u00e9llst \u00e1 r\u00f6k barnaverndar og f\u00f3sturforeldra, a\u00f0 \u00f6flun matsins v\u00e6ri tilgangslaus, \u00ed lj\u00f3si \u00feeirra krafna sem til me\u00f0fer\u00f0ar v\u00e6ru fyrir d\u00f3mnum. B k\u00e6r\u00f0i \u00farskur\u00f0 h\u00e9ra\u00f0sd\u00f3ms til H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar sem sta\u00f0festi ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u h\u00e9ra\u00f0sd\u00f3ms.[43]<\/a><\/p>\n

B f\u00e9ll fr\u00e1 varakr\u00f6fu sinni, um \u00f3gildingu \u00e1 \u00farskur\u00f0i barnaverndarnefndar um umgengni hans vi\u00f0 barni\u00f0, vi\u00f0 a\u00f0alme\u00f0fer\u00f0 m\u00e1lsins \u00fear sem n\u00fdr \u00farskur\u00f0ur haf\u00f0i \u00fe\u00e1 veri\u00f0 kve\u00f0inn upp. Eftir st\u00f3\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0eins krafa B um a\u00f0 f\u00f3stursamningi yr\u00f0i hnekkt. Barnavernd\u00adar\u00adnefnd og f\u00f3sturforeldrar kr\u00f6f\u00f0ust s\u00fdknu \u00e1 grundvelli a\u00f0ildarskorts \u00fear sem B hef\u00f0i ekki veri\u00f0 a\u00f0ili a\u00f0 umr\u00e6ddum f\u00f3stursamningi. H\u00e9ra\u00f0sd\u00f3mur hafna\u00f0i \u00feessum m\u00e1latilb\u00fana\u00f0i, enda hef\u00f0i H\u00e6stir\u00e9ttur komist a\u00f0 \u00feeirri ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u a\u00f0 \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir a\u00f0 \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i barnaverndar\u00adlaga t\u00e6kju, skv. or\u00f0anna hlj\u00f3\u00f0an, a\u00f0eins til \u00feess foreldris, sem f\u00e6ri me\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 \u00fe\u00e1 g\u00e6ti l\u00f6ggj\u00f6f vi\u00f0 \u00feessar a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur ekki \u00fatiloka\u00f0 r\u00e9tt manns til a\u00f0 f\u00e1 \u00farlausn d\u00f3mst\u00f3la um m\u00e1lefni er v\u00f6r\u00f0u\u00f0u hagsmuni hans, sbr. ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar \u00ed m\u00e1li nr. 15\/2017.<\/p>\n

H\u00e9ra\u00f0sd\u00f3mur komst a\u00f0 \u00feeirri ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u a\u00f0 s\u00fdkna b\u00e6ri barnaverndarnefnd og f\u00f3sturforeldra af kr\u00f6fu B um a\u00f0 f\u00f3stursamningi yr\u00f0i hnekkt \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 l\u00e1 fyrir a\u00f0 B haf\u00f0i l\u00fdst yfir vanm\u00e6tti s\u00ednum vi\u00f0 uppeldi barnsins og \u00edtreka\u00f0 af\u00feakka\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 taka vi\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 barnsins. \u00de\u00e1 hef\u00f0i barnavernd kynnt m\u00f6guleika \u00e1 stu\u00f0ningsfj\u00f6lskyldu, forgangi \u00e1 leiksk\u00f3la og B bo\u00f0in stu\u00f0ningsvi\u00f0t\u00f6l til a\u00f0 vinna \u00e1 tengslavanda s\u00ednum vi\u00f0 barni\u00f0. \u00de\u00e1 hef\u00f0i barni\u00f0 ekki veri\u00f0 vista\u00f0 \u00ed f\u00f3stri fyrr en B haf\u00f0i sam\u00feykkt \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 hef\u00f0i a\u00f0eins veri\u00f0 munnlega \u00fear sem \u00ed raun hef\u00f0i ekki veri\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f6rf \u00e1 sam\u00feykki hans \u00fear sem hann f\u00f3r ekki me\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 barnsins. \u00dear sem B hafna\u00f0i \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 taka vi\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 barnsins hef\u00f0i ekki veri\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f6rf \u00e1 a\u00f0 kanna h\u00e6fi hans e\u00f0a a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur. Barnaverndarnefnd hef\u00f0i g\u00e6tt lei\u00f0beiningar\u00adskyldu gagnvart honum og ekki l\u00e6gi fyrir anna\u00f0 en a\u00f0 honum hef\u00f0i gefist kostur \u00e1 a\u00f0 andm\u00e6la \u00e1 \u00f6llum stigum m\u00e1lsins og a\u00f0 m\u00e1li\u00f0 hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 n\u00e6gjanlega uppl\u00fdst \u00feegar \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un var tekin. \u00de\u00e1 \u00e6tti me\u00f0alh\u00f3fsreglan ekki vi\u00f0 \u00fear sem ekki v\u00e6ri um a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a \u00ed\u00feyngjandi \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un \u00fear sem vistun barnsins var \u00e1kve\u00f0in me\u00f0 vitund og vilja B, hj\u00e1 a\u00f0ilum sem B haf\u00f0i sj\u00e1lfur r\u00e6tt vi\u00f0 og \u00f3ska\u00f0 eftir a\u00f0 barni\u00f0 yr\u00f0i vista\u00f0 hj\u00e1.<\/p>\n

B \u00e1fr\u00fdja\u00f0i d\u00f3mi h\u00e9ra\u00f0sd\u00f3ms til Landsr\u00e9ttar sem sta\u00f0festi ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u h\u00e9ra\u00f0sd\u00f3ms me\u00f0 v\u00edsan til forsendna \u00fear sem barnaverndarnefnd haf\u00f0i vi\u00f0 me\u00f0fer\u00f0 m\u00e1lsins g\u00e6tt a\u00f0 m\u00e1ls\u00adme\u00f0fer\u00f0arreglum stj\u00f3rns\u00fdslur\u00e9ttar og barnaverndarlaga. \u00de\u00e1 hef\u00f0i B ekki v\u00edsa\u00f0 til breyttra a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0na sinna, sbr. 3. mgr. 34. gr. bvl., sem v\u00e6ri skilyr\u00f0i fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 hnekkja f\u00f3stursamn\u00adingi, sbr. 2. mgr. 34. gr. bvl. \u00de\u00e1 hef\u00f0i barni\u00f0 veri\u00f0 \u00ed f\u00f3stri hj\u00e1 f\u00f3sturforeldrum fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 var t\u00e6plega \u00e1rsgamalt, en var vi\u00f0 uppkva\u00f0ningu d\u00f3ms Landsr\u00e9ttar t\u00e6plega \u00feriggja \u00e1ra. Barni\u00f0 hef\u00f0i teki\u00f0 miklum framf\u00f6rum eftir a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 f\u00f3r \u00ed f\u00f3stur, \u00fev\u00ed li\u00f0i vel og hef\u00f0i tengst f\u00f3sturforeldrum sterkum b\u00f6ndum og \u00fev\u00ed \u00fe\u00f3tti ekki me\u00f0 v\u00edsan til hagsmuna barnsins r\u00e9ttm\u00e6tt a\u00f0 fallast \u00e1 kr\u00f6fu B um a\u00f0 hnekkja f\u00f3stursamningi.[44]<\/a><\/p>\n

Samantekt og ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fri\u00f0helgi fj\u00f6lskyldul\u00edfs og r\u00e9ttindi barna til a\u00f0 umgangast og halda tengslum vi\u00f0 fj\u00f6lskyldu s\u00edna eru vel trygg\u00f0 \u00ed l\u00f6gum. Af \u00feeim m\u00e1lum sem reifu\u00f0 hafa veri\u00f0 er \u00fe\u00f3 lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 \u00feessi r\u00e9ttindi eru ekki jafn vel trygg\u00f0 \u00ed raun og l\u00f6gin gefa tilefni til a\u00f0 telja. Nokkur munur er \u00e1 vinnubr\u00f6g\u00f0um barnaverndar \u00ed m\u00e1lunum. Barnaverndarnefndin \u00ed m\u00e1li B g\u00e6tti vel a\u00f0 fri\u00f0helgi einkal\u00edfs, heimilis og fj\u00f6lskyldu \u00ed m\u00e1li hans. Fj\u00f6lskyldan var ekki a\u00f0skilin gegn vilja foreldranna heldur me\u00f0 \u00feeirra sam\u00feykki og \u00feess g\u00e6tt a\u00f0 foreldrar fengju reglulega umgengni vi\u00f0 barni\u00f0. A var hins vegar sni\u00f0genginn af barnaverndarnefnd \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir a\u00f0 hann hef\u00f0i krafist forsj\u00e1r barnsins og sk\u00fdr lagafyrirm\u00e6li um a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 b\u00e6ri a\u00f0 kanna grund\u00adv\u00f6ll \u00feess a\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0stafa barninu til hans. \u00de\u00e1 voru hann og barni\u00f0 a\u00f0skilin \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 s\u00e1 a\u00f0skilna\u00f0ur v\u00e6ri nau\u00f0synlegur me\u00f0 tilliti til hagsmuna barnsins. A\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed er vir\u00f0ist vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 barnavernd taldi f\u00f3sturforeldrana vera h\u00e6fari en f\u00f6\u00f0ur, en ekki beint vegna meints vanh\u00e6fis f\u00f6\u00f0ur sem ekki var kanna\u00f0. \u00dea\u00f0 er ekki m\u00e1lefnaleg \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a fyrir \u00feeirri \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un. \u00dea\u00f0 er ekki markmi\u00f0 barnaverndar a\u00f0 koma b\u00f6rnum fyrir hj\u00e1 h\u00e6fustu foreldrun\u00adum heldur a\u00f0 tryggja \u00f6ryggi og velfer\u00f0 barns og sty\u00f0ja vi\u00f0 og styrkja fj\u00f6lskyldur, eftir \u00fev\u00ed sem unnt er. A var ekki a\u00f0eins synja\u00f0 um m\u00f6guleikann \u00e1 a\u00f0 fara me\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 barnsins heldur voru hann og barni\u00f0 einnig svipt r\u00e9tti s\u00ednum til reglulegrar umgengni \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir a\u00f0 s\u00e1 r\u00e9ttur v\u00e6ri bundinn \u00ed l\u00f6g. Fri\u00f0helgi fj\u00f6lskyldunnar eru stj\u00f3rnar\u00adskr\u00e1r\u00advarin r\u00e9ttindi og \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fearf \u00fev\u00ed sk\u00fdrar lagaheimildir og br\u00fdna nau\u00f0syn til a\u00f0 sker\u00f0a r\u00e9tt manna til a\u00f0 nj\u00f3ta fj\u00f6lskyldul\u00edfs og tekur fri\u00f0helgin til fj\u00f6lskyldu \u00ed v\u00ed\u00f0t\u00e6kum skilningi. Fri\u00f0helgin n\u00e6r \u00fev\u00ed ekki a\u00f0eins til fj\u00f6l\u00adskyldu sem b\u00fdr saman \u00e1 heimili, l\u00edkt og Landsr\u00e9ttur sta\u00f0festi \u00ed m\u00e1li A. Barnaverndarnefnd br\u00e1st \u00fev\u00ed \u00feeim l\u00f6gbo\u00f0nu skyldum s\u00ednum a\u00f0 g\u00e6ta a\u00f0 \u00feessum r\u00e9ttindum A og barns hans og kanna til hl\u00edtar grundv\u00f6ll \u00feess a\u00f0 fela honum sem f\u00f6\u00f0ur barnsins umsj\u00e1 \u00feess og forsj\u00e1 og eftir atvikum beita stu\u00f0nings\u00farr\u00e6\u00f0um barnaverndar\u00adlaga til a\u00f0 gera honum kleift a\u00f0 taka vi\u00f0 umsj\u00e1 barnsins.<\/p>\n

Skipan forsj\u00e1r getur skipt veigamiklu m\u00e1li, s\u00e9r \u00ed lagi \u00feegar barnaverndar\u00fej\u00f3nustu er falin forsj\u00e1 barns eins og sj\u00e1 m\u00e1 \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed sem fram kemur \u00ed kaflanum um forsj\u00e1 og s\u00e9st berlega \u00e1 m\u00e1lum \u00feeirra A og B. Me\u00f0 v\u00edsan til \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0a um fri\u00f0helgi einkal\u00edfs, heimilis og fj\u00f6lskyldu og \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0a 67. gr. a bvl. hef\u00f0i m\u00e1tt \u00e6tla a\u00f0 forsj\u00e1rlausir foreldrar hef\u00f0u sterka st\u00f6\u00f0u ef forsj\u00e1rforeldri afsalar s\u00e9r forsj\u00e1 barnsins. Raunin er \u00fe\u00f3 s\u00fa a\u00f0 svo er ekki \u00fear sem barna\u00adverndar\u00fej\u00f3nusta getur einhli\u00f0a \u00e1kve\u00f0i\u00f0 a\u00f0 fela \u00f6\u00f0rum en forsj\u00e1rlausa foreldrinu umsj\u00e1 e\u00f0a forsj\u00e1 barns. \u00de\u00e1 er forsj\u00e1rlausum foreldrum gert erfitt um vik a\u00f0 f\u00e1 sl\u00edkar \u00e1kvar\u00f0anir endursko\u00f0a\u00f0ar fyrir d\u00f3mst\u00f3lum, eins og sj\u00e1 m\u00e1 \u00e1 m\u00e1lunum sem reifu\u00f0 voru.<\/p>\n

A \u00f3ska\u00f0i eftir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 f\u00e1 forsj\u00e1 og umsj\u00e1 barns s\u00edns, en var hafna\u00f0. Hann leita\u00f0i allra lei\u00f0a til a\u00f0 f\u00e1 \u00fe\u00e1 \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un endursko\u00f0a\u00f0a innan stj\u00f3rns\u00fdslunnar en haf\u00f0i ekki erindi sem erfi\u00f0i og leita\u00f0i \u00fev\u00ed til d\u00f3mst\u00f3la. \u00dear var \u00edtreka\u00f0 reynt a\u00f0 f\u00e1 m\u00e1linu v\u00edsa\u00f0 fr\u00e1 \u00fear sem engin formleg lagaheimild var til sta\u00f0ar fyrir hann til a\u00f0 leita r\u00e9ttar s\u00edns. Ekki er unnt a\u00f0 h\u00f6f\u00f0a forsj\u00e1rm\u00e1l \u00e1 grundvelli barnalaga \u00feegar barnaverndarnefnd fer me\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 barns, sbr. ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar \u00ed m\u00e1li nr. 334\/2017, \u00fear sem stj\u00f3rnv\u00f6ldum er skv. 67. gr. a bvl. fali\u00f0 a\u00f0 meta hvort r\u00e9tt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 fela forsj\u00e1rlausu foreldri forsj\u00e1 e\u00f0a umsj\u00e1 barns og um matskennda \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a. \u00de\u00e1 hafa d\u00f3mst\u00f3lar ekki l\u00f6gs\u00f6gu til \u00feess a\u00f0 endursko\u00f0a \u00fe\u00e1 \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un efnislega.<\/p>\n

\u00de\u00e1 geta foreldrar sem ekki hafa fari\u00f0 me\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 barns s\u00edns ekki krafist endursko\u00f0unar r\u00e1\u00f0stafana \u00e1 grundvelli 34. gr. bvl \u00fear sem h\u00fan tekur a\u00f0eins til \u00feeirra sem anna\u00f0hvort sam\u00feykktu r\u00e1\u00f0stafanir e\u00f0a hafa veri\u00f0 sviptir forsj\u00e1, en A hvorki sam\u00feykkti r\u00e1\u00f0stafanir n\u00e9 var sviptur forsj\u00e1. H\u00e6stir\u00e9ttur opna\u00f0i \u00fe\u00f3 fyrir a\u00f0ild foreldra \u00ed \u00feessari st\u00f6\u00f0u, me\u00f0 ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u sinni \u00ed m\u00e1li nr. 15\/2017, \u00fear sem \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3tti brj\u00f3ta gegn stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1rv\u00f6r\u00f0um r\u00e9tti a\u00f0ila til a\u00f0 bera m\u00e1l s\u00edn undir d\u00f3mst\u00f3la a\u00f0 \u00fatiloka a\u00f0ild me\u00f0 \u00feessum h\u00e6tti. \u00dea\u00f0 ver\u00f0ur \u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0 l\u00edta til \u00feess, sbr. ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar \u00ed m\u00e1li nr. 334\/2017, a\u00f0 s\u00fa endursko\u00f0un getur a\u00f0eins n\u00e1\u00f0 til \u00f3gildingar \u00e1kvar\u00f0ana stj\u00f3rnvalda hva\u00f0 \u00feetta var\u00f0ar, en ekki til \u00feess a\u00f0 taka n\u00fdja \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un \u00ed m\u00e1linu<\/p>\n

\u00de\u00e1 taka \u00feessi m\u00e1l of langan t\u00edma fyrir d\u00f3mst\u00f3lum, \u00fe\u00f3 svo a\u00f0 um fl\u00fdtime\u00f0fer\u00f0arm\u00e1l s\u00e9 a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a, eins og berlega s\u00e9st \u00e1 m\u00e1lum \u00feeirra A og B. \u00de\u00e1 er meginreglan \u00ed barnaverndar\u00adm\u00e1lum s\u00fa a\u00f0 hagsmunir barnsins skuli \u00e1vallt r\u00e1\u00f0a f\u00f6r \u00feannig a\u00f0 \u00e1gallar \u00e1 m\u00e1lsme\u00f0fer\u00f0 eru yfirleitt ekki n\u00e6gileg \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a \u00f3gildingar \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0unar. Jafnvel \u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0 barnaverndarnefnd hafi sta\u00f0i\u00f0 illa a\u00f0 \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un sinni, \u00fev\u00ed \u00e1 me\u00f0an \u00e1 m\u00e1larekstri stendur a\u00f0lagast barni\u00f0 n\u00fdjum a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0um og tengist f\u00f3sturforeldrum og \u00fev\u00ed lengri t\u00edmi sem l\u00ed\u00f0ur fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 barn er vista\u00f0 \u00ed f\u00f3stri og \u00fear til \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un um \u00f3gildingu \u00feeirrar r\u00e1\u00f0st\u00f6funar er tekin, \u00feeim mun verra er \u00fea\u00f0 fyrir barni\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0unin s\u00e9 \u00f3gilt. \u00dear af lei\u00f0andi eru s\u00edfellt minni l\u00edkur \u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3ni hagsmunum barnsins a\u00f0 \u00f3gilda sl\u00edka \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un jafnvel \u00fe\u00f3 svo a\u00f0 allar m\u00e1lsme\u00f0fer\u00f0ar\u00adreglur hafi veri\u00f0 brotnar \u00fear sem \u00fea\u00f0 yr\u00f0i \u00ed andst\u00f6\u00f0u vi\u00f0 hagsmuni barnsins, sbr. ni\u00f0ur\u00adst\u00f6\u00f0u Landsr\u00e9ttar \u00ed m\u00e1li nr. 673\/2018.<\/p>\n

Lagalega s\u00e9\u00f0 er gagnkv\u00e6mur r\u00e9ttur barna og foreldra til umgengni vi\u00f0 hvort anna\u00f0 mj\u00f6g r\u00edkur. Ekki er ger\u00f0ur s\u00e9rstakur greinarmunur \u00e1 r\u00e9ttinum til umgengni e\u00f0a inntaks umgengni eftir \u00fev\u00ed hvort \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un um umgengni er bygg\u00f0 \u00e1 barnal\u00f6gum e\u00f0a barna\u00advernd\u00adar\u00ad\u00adl\u00f6gum, sbr. \u00e1lit b\u00e6\u00f0i umbo\u00f0smanns Al\u00feingis og umbo\u00f0smanns barna, a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed undan\u00adskyldu \u00feegar umgengni barns vi\u00f0 foreldri, sem hefur veri\u00f0 svipt forsj\u00e1 \u00e1 grundvelli barnaverndarlaga, er \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0u\u00f0. E\u00f0lilegt getur veri\u00f0 og \u00fearft a\u00f0 takmarka umgengni barns vi\u00f0 foreldri sem er ekki h\u00e6ft til a\u00f0 sinna grunn\u00fe\u00f6rfum \u00feess. Barna\u00adverndar\u00adnefnd \u00ed m\u00e1li A leit ekki til \u00feessa vi\u00f0 \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un um umgengni \u00fear sem hann f\u00e9kk verulega takmarka\u00f0a umgengni vi\u00f0 barn sitt. Ef hann hef\u00f0i geta\u00f0 leita\u00f0 til s\u00fdslumanns hef\u00f0i hann m\u00e1tt gera r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir umgengni, a\u00f0 minnsta kosti a\u00f0ra hverja helgi, auk r\u00fdmri umgengni \u00ed leyfum. Hann f\u00e9kk hins vegar a\u00f0eins umgengni \u00ed \u00ferj\u00fa skipti \u00e1 \u00e1ri \u00ed tvo t\u00edma \u00ed senn, \u00fe.e. alls sex klukku-stund\u00ad\u00adir \u00e1 \u00e1ri, \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 nokku\u00f0 l\u00e6gi fyrir um a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f6rf v\u00e6ri \u00e1 a\u00f0 takmarka umgengni me\u00f0 \u00feessum h\u00e6tti. \u00deessi skerta umgengni br\u00fdtur gegn fri\u00f0helgi fj\u00f6lskyldul\u00edfs hans og barnsins og r\u00e9tti barnsins \u00e1 a\u00f0 vi\u00f0halda fj\u00f6lskyldutengslum s\u00ednum, sbr. 1. mgr. 8. gr. og 3. mgr. 9. gr. bs., sbr. ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u umbo\u00f0smanns barna. \u00dea\u00f0 hef\u00f0i \u00fev\u00ed \u00feurft a\u00f0 f\u00e6ra veigamikil r\u00f6k fyrir \u00feessari sker\u00f0ingu l\u00edkt og l\u00f6g gera r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir. \u00dea\u00f0 var ekki gert, \u00fev\u00ed var a\u00f0eins haldi\u00f0 fram a\u00f0 r\u00fdmri umgengni samr\u00e6mdist ekki markmi\u00f0um f\u00f3sturs. Erfitt er \u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0 sj\u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9u n\u00e6gjanleg r\u00f6k fyrir svo mikilli takm\u00f6rkun \u00e1 stj\u00f3rnar\u00adskr\u00e1r\u00adv\u00f6r\u00f0um r\u00e9ttindum barns og foreldris. Markmi\u00f0 f\u00f3sturs hl\u00fdtur a\u00f0 vera a\u00f0 tryggja velfer\u00f0 barns en ekki a\u00f0 sl\u00edta tengsl barns vi\u00f0 kynforeldra. Umgengni \u00e6tti \u00fev\u00ed ekki a\u00f0 vera \u00f3samr\u00fdmanleg markmi\u00f0um f\u00f3sturs, nema velfer\u00f0 barns s\u00e9 \u00f3gna\u00f0 me\u00f0 umgengni vi\u00f0 kynforeldra, sbr. t.d. foreldra sem sviptir hafa veri\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 vegna vanh\u00e6fni, langvarandi vanr\u00e6kslu og\/e\u00f0a ofbeldis \u00ed gar\u00f0 barnsins. A f\u00e9kk \u00fev\u00ed umgengni sem er samb\u00e6rileg umgengni sem \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0u\u00f0 er milli barns og foreldris sem hefur veri\u00f0 svipt forsj\u00e1. B hins vegar var \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0u\u00f0 umgengni vi\u00f0 barn sitt sem ekki var \u00f3l\u00edk umgengnis\u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0unum \u00e1 grundvelli barnalaga. Honum var \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0u\u00f0 umgengni a\u00f0ra hverja helgi \u00ed fimm klukkustundir \u00ed senn, sem er ekki \u00f3e\u00f0lilegt \u00ed lj\u00f3si ungs aldurs barnsins. R\u00e9ttindi hans og barns hans til umgengni voru \u00fev\u00ed virt.<\/p>\n

Um m\u00e1lsme\u00f0fer\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnvalda gilda \u00e1kve\u00f0nar reglur til a\u00f0 tryggja sem best r\u00e9ttar\u00f6ryggi manna \u00ed skiptum vi\u00f0 hi\u00f0 opinbera. Stj\u00f3rnv\u00f6ld vir\u00f0ast \u00fe\u00f3 vanda misvel til verka eins og sj\u00e1 m\u00e1 \u00e1 mismunandi m\u00e1lsme\u00f0fer\u00f0 barnaverndar \u00ed m\u00e1lum A og B. Hvorugur \u00e1tti form\u00adlega a\u00f0ild a\u00f0 m\u00e1li \u00fev\u00ed er var\u00f0a\u00f0i barn \u00feeirra hj\u00e1 barnavernd, enda gera l\u00f6gin ekki r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f6rf s\u00e9 fyrir sam\u00feykki forsj\u00e1rlauss foreldris \u00feegar forsj\u00e1rforeldri afsalar s\u00e9r forsj\u00e1 barns. A hef\u00f0i \u00fe\u00f3 \u00e1tt a\u00f0 nj\u00f3ta a\u00f0ildar a\u00f0 m\u00e1linu \u00fear sem hann haf\u00f0i einstaklegra og l\u00f6gvarinna hagsmuna a\u00f0 g\u00e6ta vi\u00f0 me\u00f0fer\u00f0 m\u00e1lsins. \u00de\u00e1 hef\u00f0i barnaverndar\u00adnefnd \u00e1tt, skv. 4. mgr. 67. gr. a bvl., a\u00f0 leita umsagnar hans \u00e1\u00f0ur en barninu var r\u00e1\u00f0stafa\u00f0 \u00ed f\u00f3stur, auk annarra vankanta. A f\u00e9kk a\u00f0eins t\u00e6kif\u00e6ri til a\u00f0 reifa sj\u00f3narmi\u00f0 s\u00edn \u00e1 fundi barnaverndarnefndar \u00feegar nefndin t\u00f3k fyrir kr\u00f6fu hans um endursko\u00f0un \u00e1 \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un um varanlegt f\u00f3stur barnsins. B hins vegar t\u00f3k \u00fe\u00e1tt \u00ed allri me\u00f0fer\u00f0 m\u00e1lsins sem var\u00f0a\u00f0i barn hans hj\u00e1 barnavernd, hann m\u00e6tti \u00e1 alla fundi og t\u00f3k \u00fe\u00e1tt \u00ed \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0unum. \u00dea\u00f0 ver\u00f0ur \u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0 l\u00edta til \u00feess a\u00f0 barnsm\u00f3\u00f0ir hans vildi ekki taka \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un um afsal forsj\u00e1r \u00e1n hans a\u00f0komu og \u00fev\u00ed \u00f3v\u00edst hversu mikla a\u00f0komu hann hef\u00f0i haft af m\u00e1linu ef ekki hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 fyrir \u00feessa afst\u00f6\u00f0u barnsm\u00f3\u00f0ur hans. Barnavernd kanna\u00f0i \u00fe\u00f3 \u00edtreka\u00f0 hvort B hef\u00f0i hug \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 taka vi\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 barnsins og var hann uppl\u00fdstur um \u00feau stu\u00f0nings\u00farr\u00e6\u00f0i sem \u00ed bo\u00f0i voru. A var hins vegar afskrifa\u00f0ur a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed er vir\u00f0ist \u00feegar \u00ed upphafi \u00e1n s\u00e9rstakrar k\u00f6nnunar \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir a\u00f0 l\u00f6g og m\u00e1lsme\u00f0fer\u00f0ar\u00adreglur geri r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 s\u00e1 m\u00f6guleiki s\u00e9 kanna\u00f0ur.<\/p>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 er \u00fev\u00ed fallist \u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0 me\u00f0 h\u00e9ra\u00f0sd\u00f3mi og Landsr\u00e9tti a\u00f0 ekki hafi veri\u00f0 \u00f3e\u00f0lilegt a\u00f0 forsj\u00e1rh\u00e6fni B hafi ekki veri\u00f0 k\u00f6nnu\u00f0 \u00fear sem hann \u00f3ska\u00f0i ekki eftir a\u00f0 taka vi\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 barnsins og hafna\u00f0i \u00fev\u00ed \u00edtreka\u00f0 \u00feegar s\u00e1 m\u00f6guleiki var nefndur og \u00fev\u00ed engar forsendur til \u00feess a\u00f0 kanna h\u00e6fi hans. A leita\u00f0i allra lei\u00f0a til \u00feess a\u00f0 f\u00e1 \u00far m\u00e1li s\u00ednu skori\u00f0 innan stj\u00f3rns\u00fdsl\u00adunnar en \u00e1kvar\u00f0anir barnaverndar\u00adnefnd\u00adar voru a\u00f0 jafna\u00f0i sta\u00f0festar og ekki ger\u00f0ar athugasemdir vi\u00f0 vinnslu m\u00e1lsins \u00fe\u00f3 svo a\u00f0 algerlega hafi veri\u00f0 gengi\u00f0 fram hj\u00e1 f\u00f6\u00f0ur og tekin \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un um a\u00f0 vista barni\u00f0 \u00ed varanlegu f\u00f3stri hj\u00e1 vandalausum til 18 \u00e1ra aldurs \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 kanna\u00f0ar v\u00e6ru forsendur \u00feess a\u00f0 vista barni\u00f0 hj\u00e1 honum l\u00edkt og l\u00f6g m\u00e6la fyrir um. Landsr\u00e9ttur komst hins vegar a\u00f0 gagnst\u00e6\u00f0ri ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u, sem s\u00fdnir mikil\u00adv\u00e6gi \u00feess a\u00f0 unnt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 leita endursko\u00f0unar d\u00f3mst\u00f3la \u00e1 svo \u00ed\u00feyngjandi og afdrifa\u00admiklum \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0unum stj\u00f3rnvalda.<\/p>\n

M\u00e1lsme\u00f0fer\u00f0 \u00ed m\u00e1lum A og B fyrir d\u00f3mst\u00f3lum var a\u00f0 nokkru leyti l\u00edk og gjarnan v\u00edsa\u00f0 til ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u \u00ed \u00f6\u00f0ru m\u00e1linu til stu\u00f0nings kr\u00f6fuger\u00f0 e\u00f0a ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u \u00ed hinu og \u00e1 endanum var\u00f0 ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0a beggja m\u00e1la \u00ed raun s\u00fa sama. \u00c1 me\u00f0an \u00e1 m\u00e1larekstrinum st\u00f3\u00f0 var \u00fe\u00f3 nokkur munur \u00e1 m\u00e1lsme\u00f0fer\u00f0inni \u00ed \u00e1kve\u00f0num atri\u00f0um. Kr\u00f6fuger\u00f0 \u00feeirra A og B var samb\u00e6rileg, enda h\u00f6f\u00f0ar B m\u00e1l sitt eftir a\u00f0 fyrra m\u00e1li A haf\u00f0i veri\u00f0 v\u00edsa\u00f0 fr\u00e1 d\u00f3mi og gat \u00fev\u00ed haga\u00f0 kr\u00f6fuger\u00f0 sinni \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0. \u00cd b\u00e1\u00f0um tilvikum ger\u00f0i barnaverndarnefnd kr\u00f6fu um fr\u00e1v\u00edsun m\u00e1lsins, en ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar eru ekki samhlj\u00f3\u00f0a. \u00cd m\u00e1li A er \u00fev\u00ed hafna\u00f0 a\u00f0 v\u00edsa fr\u00e1 kr\u00f6fu hans um forsj\u00e1 barns s\u00edns, sbr. Hrd. 15\/2017, og h\u00e9ra\u00f0sd\u00f3mi \u00fev\u00ed gert a\u00f0 taka \u00fe\u00e1 kr\u00f6fu til \u00farlausnar. \u00cd m\u00e1li B er kr\u00f6fu hans um forsj\u00e1 hins vegar v\u00edsa\u00f0 fr\u00e1 \u00e1 grundvelli 2. gr. stjskr. og ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar \u00ed m\u00e1li nr. 15\/2017 \u00fear me\u00f0 \u00ed raun hafna\u00f0. \u00deessar \u00f3samhlj\u00f3\u00f0a ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar valda \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00fearna ver\u00f0ur nokkur munur \u00e1 fram\u00advindu m\u00e1lanna. A rak enn m\u00e1l er var\u00f0a\u00f0i forsj\u00e1 og \u00f3gildingu \u00e1kvar\u00f0ana var\u00f0andi f\u00f3stur en B\u00a0 rak einungis m\u00e1l til \u00f3gildingar \u00e1 \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un um vistun barns hans \u00ed f\u00f3stri. B\u00e1\u00f0ir voru \u00fe\u00f3 me\u00f0 varakr\u00f6fu um \u00f3gildingu \u00e1 \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un um umgengni. B var \u00fev\u00ed synja\u00f0 um d\u00f3mkva\u00f0ningu matsmanns til a\u00f0 meta forsj\u00e1rh\u00e6fni hans, en aftur \u00e1 m\u00f3ti var fallist \u00e1 kr\u00f6fu A um d\u00f3mkva\u00f0ningu matsmanns \u00ed \u00feessu skyni. Kr\u00f6fu A um forsj\u00e1 barnsins var \u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0 lokum v\u00edsa\u00f0 fr\u00e1 d\u00f3mi me\u00f0 v\u00edsan til ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar \u00ed m\u00e1li 334\/2017. \u00de\u00e1 var kr\u00f6fum beggja um \u00f3gildingu \u00e1 f\u00f3stursamningum hafna\u00f0 \u00fear sem \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3na\u00f0i ekki hagsmunum barnanna. Kr\u00f6fu A um \u00f3gildingu \u00e1 \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un um umgengni var hafna\u00f0 en ekki var \u00farskur\u00f0a\u00f0 um kr\u00f6fu B hva\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 var\u00f0ar \u00fear sem hann felldi hana ni\u00f0ur vi\u00f0 a\u00f0alme\u00f0fer\u00f0 m\u00e1lsins \u00feegar n\u00fd \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un um umgengni haf\u00f0i veri\u00f0 tekin.<\/p>\n

Af \u00feessu m\u00e1 r\u00e1\u00f0a a\u00f0 v\u00ed\u00f0a er pottur brotinn \u00feegar kemur a\u00f0 r\u00e9ttindum forsj\u00e1rlausra foreldra og \u00fe\u00e1 einkum ef forsj\u00e1rforeldri afsalar s\u00e9r forsj\u00e1 barns til barnaverndar\u00fej\u00f3nustu. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00fev\u00ed nau\u00f0synlegt a\u00f0 l\u00f6ggjafinn gr\u00edpi inn \u00ed og r\u00e1\u00f0i b\u00f3t \u00e1 r\u00e9ttleysi forsj\u00e1rlausra foreldra vi\u00f0 \u00feessar a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur og tryggi \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 forsj\u00e1rlausir foreldrar hafi grei\u00f0an a\u00f0gang a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 leita til d\u00f3mst\u00f3la til a\u00f0 f\u00e1 \u00far r\u00e9ttindum s\u00ednum til barna sinna skori\u00f0, enda lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 anna\u00f0 br\u00fdtur gegn stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1rv\u00f6r\u00f0um mannr\u00e9ttindum barns og foreldris hva\u00f0 var\u00f0a fri\u00f0helgi fj\u00f6lskyldul\u00edfs.<\/p>\n

\u00cd fyrsta lagi ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 tryggja r\u00e9tt foreldra sem eru forsj\u00e1rlausir skv. 2. mgr. 29. gr. barnalaga af \u00feeirri \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0u a\u00f0 \u00feeir eru ekki skr\u00e1\u00f0ir \u00ed samb\u00fa\u00f0 e\u00f0a hj\u00faskap me\u00f0 \u00feeim sem \u00f3lu \u00feeim barn. R\u00e6tt hefur veri\u00f0 um a\u00f0 r\u00e9tt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 yr\u00f0i sj\u00e1lfkrafa sameiginleg vi\u00f0 f\u00e6\u00f0ingu barns. S\u00fa lausn hef\u00f0i tryggt A og B a\u00f0ild og \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0unarr\u00e9tt var\u00f0andi afsal forsj\u00e1r barns \u00feeirra og veri\u00f0 h\u00e1\u00f0 sam\u00feykki \u00feeirra. \u00c1 \u00feeirri lausn eru \u00fe\u00f3 nokkrir vankantar, \u00fe.e. a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 f\u00e6\u00f0ingu barns er ekki \u00e1vallt vita\u00f0 hver fa\u00f0irinn er. \u00de\u00e1 getur \u00fea\u00f0 reynst foreldrum erfitt a\u00f0 fara sameiginlega me\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 barns af \u00fdmsum \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0um, t.d. g\u00e6tu \u00feeir b\u00fai\u00f0 hvor \u00ed s\u00ednu landinu og \u00feannig \u00f6r\u00f0ugt fyrir \u00fe\u00e1 a\u00f0 standa sameiginlega a\u00f0 \u00f6llum meiri h\u00e1ttar \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0unum er var\u00f0a barni\u00f0, sem er ekki \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1gu hagsmuna barnsins. \u00de\u00e1 \u00feyrfti jafnframt a\u00f0 taka s\u00e9rstaklega \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed hvernig b\u00e6ri a\u00f0 haga forsj\u00e1 t.d. \u00feegar barn er geti\u00f0 vi\u00f0 kynfer\u00f0isbrot svo a\u00f0 brota\u00feoli s\u00e9 ekki \u00fevinga\u00f0ur me\u00f0 l\u00f6gum til a\u00f0 deila forsj\u00e1 me\u00f0 geranda s\u00ednum. \u00dea\u00f0 v\u00e6ri \u00fe\u00f3 unnt a\u00f0 tryggja r\u00e9ttindi foreldra \u00ed \u00feessari st\u00f6\u00f0u me\u00f0 samb\u00e6rilegum h\u00e6tti og \u00feegar forsj\u00e1rforeldri \u00e1kve\u00f0ur a\u00f0 fela \u00f6\u00f0rum en kynforeldri forsj\u00e1 barns vi\u00f0 andl\u00e1t sitt, \u00fe.e. a\u00f0 s\u00fa tilh\u00f6gun s\u00e9 h\u00e1\u00f0 sam\u00feykki kynforeldris, en a\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0rum kosti s\u00e9 leyst \u00far m\u00e1linu fyrir d\u00f3mst\u00f3lum. \u00deannig v\u00e6ri forsj\u00e1rlausu foreldri trygg\u00f0 a\u00f0ild a\u00f0 m\u00e1linu og ekki v\u00e6ri unnt a\u00f0 ganga fram hj\u00e1 kynforeldri ef \u00fea\u00f0 krefst forsj\u00e1r barnsins nema me\u00f0 \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un d\u00f3mst\u00f3la. Forsj\u00e1rlaust foreldri \u00e6tti alltaf a\u00f0 eiga a\u00f0ild a\u00f0 m\u00e1li er var\u00f0ar barn \u00feess \u00feegar afsal forsj\u00e1r e\u00f0a varanlegt f\u00f3stur barns er til umr\u00e6\u00f0u og ekki r\u00e9tt a\u00f0 barna\u00advernd\u00adar\u00fej\u00f3nusta eigi lokaor\u00f0i\u00f0 um forsj\u00e1 barnsins \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 forsj\u00e1rlaust foreldri eigi a\u00f0ild a\u00f0 sl\u00edku m\u00e1li og a\u00f0 loka\u00f0 s\u00e9 fyrir m\u00f6guleika foreldris \u00e1 a\u00f0 leita ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u d\u00f3mst\u00f3la um forsj\u00e1 barnsins. Mikilv\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 afdrifar\u00edkar \u00e1kvar\u00f0anir sem \u00feessar s\u00e6ti endursko\u00f0un d\u00f3mst\u00f3la og \u00fe\u00e1 ekki a\u00f0eins a\u00f0 formi heldur einnig a\u00f0 efni.<\/p>\n

\u00cd \u00f6\u00f0ru lagi \u00fe\u00e1 \u00e6ttu \u00e1kvar\u00f0anir Umd\u00e6misr\u00e1\u00f0s barnaverndar um umgengni a\u00f0 s\u00e6ta endursko\u00f0un d\u00f3mst\u00f3la. D\u00f3mst\u00f3lar geta kve\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00e1 um inntak umgengnisr\u00e9ttar barns og foreldris \u00ed \u00e1grein\u00adings\u00adm\u00e1li er var\u00f0ar forsj\u00e1, sbr. 5. mgr. 34. gr. bl., og \u00feannig t.d. endur\u00adsko\u00f0a\u00f0 samn\u00adinga foreldra e\u00f0a \u00farskur\u00f0i s\u00fdslumanns um umgengni. Ekki er s\u00e9\u00f0 hvers vegna ekki er unnt a\u00f0 fela d\u00f3mst\u00f3lum a\u00f0 taka samb\u00e6rilegar \u00e1kvar\u00f0anir \u00feegar b\u00f6rn eru vistu\u00f0 \u00ed f\u00f3stri. Einkum ef ger\u00f0 er krafa um \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un um inntak umgengni \u00ed tengslum vi\u00f0 m\u00e1l er var\u00f0a endur\u00adsko\u00f0un forsj\u00e1r\u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0unar e\u00f0a forsj\u00e1rsviptingar. M\u00e1lsme\u00f0fer\u00f0 sl\u00edkra m\u00e1la er almennt mj\u00f6g v\u00f6ndu\u00f0 og \u00edtarlegra og vanda\u00f0ra s\u00e9rfr\u00e6\u00f0igagna afla\u00f0, sem g\u00e6tu varpa\u00f0 lj\u00f3si \u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0 hvort og \u00fe\u00e1 hvernig umgengni \u00fej\u00f3nar helst hagsmunum barns. Sl\u00edk ranns\u00f3knarvinna er almennt ekki framkv\u00e6md af barnaverndarnefndum. \u00de\u00e1 m\u00e1 nefna a\u00f0 \u00ed d\u00f3mi \u00ed m\u00e1lum sem \u00feessum situr a\u00f0 jafna\u00f0i s\u00e9rfr\u00f3\u00f0ur me\u00f0d\u00f3mandi.<\/p>\n

\u00cd \u00feri\u00f0ja lagi \u00fearf a\u00f0 tryggja betur m\u00e1lshra\u00f0a \u00ed \u00feessum m\u00e1lum, enda lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir a\u00f0 \u00feessi m\u00e1l skuli s\u00e6ta fl\u00fdtime\u00f0fer\u00f0 skv. 53. gr. b bvl. \u00fe\u00e1 taka \u00feau of langan t\u00edma fyrir d\u00f3mst\u00f3lum, s\u00e9r \u00ed lagi \u00feegar \u00edtreka\u00f0 er krafist fr\u00e1v\u00edsunar og \u00farlausnum d\u00f3mst\u00f3la jafnan \u00e1fr\u00fdja\u00f0 e\u00f0a \u00fe\u00e6r k\u00e6r\u00f0ar til \u00e6\u00f0ri d\u00f3ms. Allt \u00feetta hefur \u00ed f\u00f6r me\u00f0 s\u00e9r talsver\u00f0ar tafir \u00e1 m\u00e1lsme\u00f0fer\u00f0 eins og sj\u00e1 m\u00e1 \u00e1 m\u00e1lum A og B, sem er mj\u00f6g sl\u00e6mt \u00fear sem lengd m\u00e1lsme\u00f0fer\u00f0art\u00edma hefur \u00ed raun bein \u00e1hrif \u00e1 ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u m\u00e1lanna. \u00dev\u00ed lengur sem barn dvelur \u00ed f\u00f3stri \u00feeim mun verr \u00fej\u00f3nar \u00fea\u00f0 hagsmunum \u00feess a\u00f0 fara til kynforeldris.<\/p>\n

Lokaor\u00f0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Samkv\u00e6mt framangreindu liggur fyrir a\u00f0 l\u00f6gin gera ekki greinarmun \u00e1 r\u00e9ttindum foreldra eftir \u00fev\u00ed hvort um er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a m\u00f3\u00f0ur e\u00f0a f\u00f6\u00f0ur, a\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0ru leyti en vi\u00f0 sj\u00e1lfkrafa forsj\u00e1 m\u00f3\u00f0ur sem elur barn ef h\u00fan er ekki \u00ed hj\u00faskap e\u00f0a samb\u00fa\u00f0 me\u00f0 hinu foreldrinu. R\u00e9ttur forsj\u00e1r\u00adlausra foreldra, sem oftar eru fe\u00f0ur, er hins vegar v\u00ed\u00f0a ekki n\u00e6gilega vel trygg\u00f0ur eins og leitt hefur veri\u00f0 \u00ed lj\u00f3s.<\/p>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 er \u00fev\u00ed br\u00fdnt a\u00f0 breg\u00f0ast vi\u00f0 \u00feessari st\u00f6\u00f0u og breyta l\u00f6gunum \u00e1 \u00feann veg a\u00f0 r\u00e9ttur forsj\u00e1rlausra foreldra ver\u00f0i trygg\u00f0ur og \u00feeim veitt a\u00f0ild a\u00f0 forsj\u00e1rm\u00e1lum \u00feegar forsj\u00e1r\u00adforeldrar afsala s\u00e9r forsj\u00e1 yfir barni \u00feeirra og tryggt ver\u00f0i a\u00f0 ekkert foreldri ver\u00f0i svipt barni s\u00ednu gegn vilja \u00feess, nema leitt hafi veri\u00f0 \u00ed lj\u00f3s a\u00f0 sl\u00edkt \u00fej\u00f3ni best hagsmunum barnsins. Anna\u00f0 uppfyllir ekki skilyr\u00f0i laga um fri\u00f0helgi fj\u00f6lskyldul\u00edfs, enda ekki r\u00e9tt a\u00f0 forsj\u00e1rlaust foreldri s\u00e9 \u00fatiloka\u00f0 fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 koma a\u00f0 \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un um forsj\u00e1 barns s\u00edns vegna einhli\u00f0a \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0unar forsj\u00e1rforeldris um a\u00f0 afsala s\u00e9r forsj\u00e1 barnsins til barnaverndar\u00fej\u00f3nustu.<\/p>\n

M\u00f6guleikar forsj\u00e1rlauss foreldris \u00e1 a\u00f0 leita til d\u00f3mst\u00f3la og krefjast forsj\u00e1r barns s\u00edns eru \u00ed raun takmarka\u00f0ir \u00feegar forsj\u00e1rforeldri afsalar s\u00e9r forsj\u00e1 barns til barnaverndar\u00fej\u00f3nustu. Ef forsj\u00e1rforeldri\u00f0 hef\u00f0i \u00e1 hinn b\u00f3ginn fali\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0rum en barnavernda\u00fej\u00f3nustu forsj\u00e1 barnsins hef\u00f0i forsj\u00e1rlausa foreldri\u00f0 geta\u00f0 stefnt \u00feeim a\u00f0ila e\u00f0a a\u00f0ilum sem fengu forsj\u00e1na og leita\u00f0 ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u d\u00f3mst\u00f3la um forsj\u00e1 barnsins. Ef forsj\u00e1rforeldri\u00f0 hef\u00f0i falli\u00f0 fr\u00e1 hef\u00f0i forsj\u00e1rlausa foreldri\u00f0 sj\u00e1lfkrafa fengi\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 barnsins, svo lengi sem forsj\u00e1rforeldri\u00f0 hef\u00f0i ekki skili\u00f0 eftir sig yfirl\u00fdsingu um a\u00f0 annar en forsj\u00e1rlausa foreldr\u00adi\u00f0 skyldi a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed l\u00e1tnu fara me\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 barnsins en \u00fe\u00e1 hef\u00f0i \u00feurft a\u00f0 bera \u00fe\u00e1 \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0\u00adun undir d\u00f3mst\u00f3la ef forsj\u00e1rlausa foreldri\u00f0 v\u00e6ri ekki s\u00e1tt vi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 skipan. Ef forsj\u00e1rforeldri\u00f0 hef\u00f0i til a\u00f0 mynda fari\u00f0 me\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 barns hef\u00f0i forsj\u00e1rlausa foreldri\u00f0 geta\u00f0 stefnt \u00fev\u00ed og krafist forsj\u00e1r og \u00fe\u00e1 hvort sem barni\u00f0 hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 \u00ed umsj\u00e1 forsj\u00e1rforeldris e\u00f0a vista\u00f0 \u00ed f\u00f3stri. Engar m\u00e1l\u00adefna\u00adlegar \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0ur eru fyrir takm\u00f6rkun \u00e1 r\u00e9tti forsj\u00e1rlauss foreldris til \u00feess a\u00f0 f\u00e1 \u00far \u00fev\u00ed skori\u00f0 fyrir d\u00f3mst\u00f3lum hvernig forsj\u00e1 barns \u00feess skuli vera \u00feegar forsj\u00e1 barnsins er \u00ed h\u00f6ndum barnaverndar\u00fej\u00f3nustu. Foreldri, sem hefur veri\u00f0 svipt forsj\u00e1 barns s\u00edns \u00e1 grundvelli barnaverndarlaga, getur endurheimt forsj\u00e1na ef skilyr\u00f0i laga eru uppfyllt. \u00dea\u00f0 sk\u00fdtur sk\u00f6kku vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 foreldri sem hefur fari\u00f0 me\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 barns en veri\u00f0 svipt henni, s.s. vegna vanh\u00e6fni, vanr\u00e6kslu og\/e\u00f0a ofbeldi \u00ed gar\u00f0 barns, hafi meiri m\u00f6guleika \u00e1 a\u00f0 f\u00e1 forsj\u00e1na aftur fyrir tilstu\u00f0lan d\u00f3mst\u00f3la en foreldri sem ekki hefur fari\u00f0 me\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 barns s\u00edns vegna \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0a laga og ekki veri\u00f0 meti\u00f0 vanh\u00e6ft e\u00f0a gerst sekt um vanr\u00e6kslu barns\u00adins e\u00f0a ofbeldi e\u00f0a anna\u00f0 gagnvart barninu. \u00dea\u00f0 foreldri getur a\u00f0eins fengi\u00f0 \u00farskur\u00f0 d\u00f3mst\u00f3la um \u00f3gildingu \u00e1 \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un barnaverndar\u00ad\u00fej\u00f3nustu en ekki fengi\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 barns\u00adins me\u00f0 d\u00f3mi. Lj\u00f3st er a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 er til l\u00edtils a\u00f0 f\u00e1 \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un um vistun barns \u00ed f\u00f3stri \u00f3gilta \u00fear sem barnaverndar\u00fej\u00f3nusta fer \u00fe\u00e1 samt sem \u00e1\u00f0ur \u00e1fram me\u00f0 forsj\u00e1 barnsins og hefur ein \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0unarvald um \u00fea\u00f0 hvort barni\u00f0 skuli fara til hins forsj\u00e1rlausa foreldris e\u00f0a ekki og s\u00fa \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un s\u00e6tir ekki efnislegri endursko\u00f0un d\u00f3mst\u00f3la.<\/p>\n

Velta m\u00e1 fyrir s\u00e9r hvort ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0a H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar \u00ed m\u00e1li nr. 15\/2017 hafi a\u00f0 einhverju leyti byggt \u00e1 \u00feessum forsendum. \u00dear er v\u00edsa\u00f0 til r\u00e9ttar A til \u00feess a\u00f0 bera m\u00e1l s\u00edn undir d\u00f3mst\u00f3la og jafnr\u00e6\u00f0isreglunnar. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00fev\u00ed athugunarefni hvort \u00fea\u00f0 standist stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1 a\u00f0 takmarka m\u00f6guleika forsj\u00e1rlauss foreldris me\u00f0 \u00feessum h\u00e6tti. Samkv\u00e6mt barnaverndar\u00adl\u00f6g\u00adum er barnaverndar\u00fej\u00f3nustu fali\u00f0 a\u00f0 meta hvort r\u00e9tt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 fela forsj\u00e1rlausu foreldri forsj\u00e1 barns vi\u00f0 \u00feessar a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur. \u00dear af lei\u00f0andi er \u00fea\u00f0 ekki \u00e1 f\u00e6ri d\u00f3mst\u00f3la a\u00f0 taka \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un sem hefur veri\u00f0 falin framkv\u00e6mdarvaldinu, sbr. 2. gr. stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1rinnar, sbr. ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar \u00ed m\u00e1li nr. 334\/2017. D\u00f3mst\u00f3lar hafa eftirlit me\u00f0 l\u00f6ggjafarvaldinu og hafa \u00farskur\u00f0\u00adar\u00advald um \u00fea\u00f0 hvort l\u00f6g s\u00e9u \u00ed andst\u00f6\u00f0u vi\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00fev\u00ed athugunarefni hvort umr\u00e6tt \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i barnaverndarlaga, sem felur barnavernd lokaor\u00f0i\u00f0 hva\u00f0 \u00feetta var\u00f0ar, standist stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1 e\u00f0a hvort \u00fea\u00f0 br\u00fdtur \u00ed raun gegn jafnr\u00e6\u00f0isreglu og r\u00e9tti a\u00f0ila til a\u00f0 bera m\u00e1l s\u00edn undir d\u00f3mst\u00f3la, sbr. ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar \u00ed m\u00e1li nr. 15\/2017. \u00c1hugavert hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 f\u00e1 ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u Landsr\u00e9ttar hva\u00f0 \u00feetta var\u00f0ar \u00fear sem H\u00e6stir\u00e9ttur komst a\u00f0 andst\u00e6\u00f0ri ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u \u00ed m\u00e1lum nr. 15\/2017 og 334\/2017 en \u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0 reyndi ekki fyrir Landsr\u00e9tti.<\/p>\n

\u00de\u00e1 hefur \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00fdnt sig \u00ed reynd a\u00f0 barnaverndaryfirv\u00f6ld eru ekki l\u00edkleg til a\u00f0 taka a\u00f0ra \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir \u00f3gild\u00adingu, sbr. vi\u00f0br\u00f6g\u00f0 barnaverndarr\u00e1\u00f0s \u00cdslands vi\u00f0 tilm\u00e6lum umbo\u00f0smanns Al\u00feingis um a\u00f0 taka n\u00fdja \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un um um umgengni \u00ed m\u00e1li nr. 66\/1988 \u00fear sem umbo\u00f0s\u00adma\u00f0ur taldi barnaverndarr\u00e1\u00f0 hafa broti\u00f0 \u00e1 umgengnisr\u00e9tti barns og foreldris. \u00de\u00e1 vir\u00f0ast \u00e1lit umbo\u00f0smanns Al\u00feingis og umbo\u00f0smanns barna var\u00f0andi r\u00e9tt barna til reglulegrar umgengni vi\u00f0 foreldri \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir a\u00f0 vera vistu\u00f0 \u00ed f\u00f3stri ekki vega \u00feungt vi\u00f0 \u00e1kvar\u00f0anir barnaverndaryfirvalda og \u00fev\u00ed mikilv\u00e6gt a\u00f0 d\u00f3mst\u00f3lar veiti barnaverndar\u00adyfirv\u00f6ldum raunveru\u00adlegt a\u00f0hald hva\u00f0 \u00feetta var\u00f0ar og tryggi b\u00f6rnum og foreldrum l\u00f6gvarinn r\u00e9tt \u00feeirra til reglulegrar umgengni.<\/p>\n

Greinarh\u00f6fundar leggja \u00fev\u00ed til a\u00f0 \u00feessi m\u00e1l ver\u00f0i sko\u00f0u\u00f0 og l\u00f6ggjafinn leggi sig fram um a\u00f0 b\u00e6ta st\u00f6\u00f0u forsj\u00e1rlausra foreldra \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 fyrrnefndar till\u00f6gur a\u00f0 \u00farb\u00f3tum og a\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnv\u00f6ld vandi jafnframt til verka. \u00c1byrg\u00f0 \u00feeirra er mikil \u00feegar kemur a\u00f0 jafn afdrifar\u00edkri \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un og a\u00f0 svipta barn og foreldri r\u00e9tti \u00feeirra til fj\u00f6lskyldul\u00edfs. Ekkert foreldri \u00e1 a\u00f0 standa frammi fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 vera svipt r\u00e9tti til a\u00f0 umgangast barn sitt \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 veigamiklar \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0ur liggi \u00fear a\u00f0 baki. \u00de\u00e1 \u00e1 m\u00e1lsme\u00f0fer\u00f0 a\u00f0 vera \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 l\u00f6g og m\u00e1lsme\u00f0fer\u00f0\u00adar\u00adreglur, b\u00e6\u00f0i hj\u00e1 stj\u00f3rnv\u00f6ldum og d\u00f3mst\u00f3lum. \u00dea\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3nar almennt ekki hagsmunum barns a\u00f0 lei\u00f0r\u00e9tta \u00e1kvar\u00f0anir sem \u00feessar eftir \u00e1, jafnvel \u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6r byggi \u00e1 r\u00f6ngum grunni. Lei\u00f0r\u00e9tting sl\u00edkra \u00e1kvar\u00f0ana er almennt til \u00feess fallin a\u00f0 raska st\u00f6\u00f0ugleika barns og \u00fev\u00ed er yfirleitt ekki aftur sn\u00fai\u00f0 \u00feegar \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un hefur veri\u00f0 tekin eins og sj\u00e1 m\u00e1 \u00e1 ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar \u00ed m\u00e1lum nr. 511\/1998, 172\/2003 og ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u Landsr\u00e9ttar \u00ed m\u00e1li 673\/2018.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Heimildaskr\u00e1 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Athugasemdir Barnaverndarstofu, dags. 9. september 2014 \u00ed m\u00e1li nr. 2014040022\/37.<\/p>\n

\u00c1lit umbo\u00f0smanns Al\u00feingis, dags. 3. ma\u00ed 1989, \u00ed m\u00e1li nr. 66\/1988. https:\/\/www.umbodsmadur.is\/alit-og-bref\/mal\/nr\/741\/skoda\/mal\/<\/p>\n

\u00c1lit umbo\u00f0smanns Al\u00feingis, dags. 27. okt\u00f3ber 1992, \u00ed m\u00e1li nr. 661\/1992. https:\/\/www.umbodsmadur.is\/alit-og-bref\/mal\/nr\/42\/skoda\/mal\/<\/p>\n

\u00c1lit umbo\u00f0smanns Al\u00feingis, dags. 27. n\u00f3vember 2002, \u00ed m\u00e1li nr. 3609\/2002. https:\/\/www.umbodsmadur.is\/alit-og-bref\/mal\/nr\/991\/skoda\/mal\/<\/p>\n

\u00c1lit umbo\u00f0smanns barna \u00e1 umgengni barns \u00ed varanlegu f\u00f3stri vi\u00f0 foreldri, dags. 25. mars 2014.<\/p>\n

Bj\u00f6rg Thorarensen. 2005. Fri\u00f0helgi einkal\u00edfs og fj\u00f6lskyldu og r\u00e9ttur til a\u00f0 stofna til hj\u00faskapar. Ritstj. Bj\u00f6rg Thorarensen, Dav\u00ed\u00f0 \u00de\u00f3r Bj\u00f6rgvinsson, Gu\u00f0r\u00fan Gauksd\u00f3ttir og Hj\u00f6rd\u00eds Bj\u00f6rk H\u00e1konard\u00f3ttir, Mannr\u00e9ttindas\u00e1ttm\u00e1li Evr\u00f3pu <\/em>\u2013 Meginreglur, framkv\u00e6md og \u00e1hrif \u00e1 \u00edslenskan r\u00e9tt. <\/em>Mannr\u00e9ttindastofnun H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands og lagadeild H\u00e1sk\u00f3lans \u00ed Reykjav\u00edk, Reykjav\u00edk.<\/p>\n

Bj\u00f6rg Thorarensen. 2020. Sta\u00f0a H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar \u00ed \u00fer\u00edgreindu r\u00edkisvaldi og eftirlit me\u00f0 valdm\u00f6rkum skv. 2. gr. stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1rinnar. Ritnefnd: \u00deorgeir \u00d6rlygsson, \u00c1sger\u00f0ur Ragnarsd\u00f3ttir, Gar\u00f0ar G\u00edslason, Gu\u00f0r\u00fan Erlendsd\u00f3ttir, J\u00f3na Bj\u00f6rk Helgad\u00f3ttir, Karl Axelsson og Mark\u00fas Sigurbj\u00f6rnsson, H\u00e6stir\u00e9ttur \u00ed hundra\u00f0 \u00e1r<\/em>. Hi\u00f0 \u00edslenska b\u00f3kmenntaf\u00e9lag, Reykjav\u00edk.<\/p>\n

Bj\u00f6rg Thorarensen, Eir\u00edkur T\u00f3masson, P\u00e1ll Sigur\u00f0sson, R\u00f3bert R. Span\u00f3 og Vi\u00f0ar M\u00e1r Matth\u00edasson. 2006. Um l\u00f6g og r\u00e9tt; Helstu greinar \u00edslenskrar l\u00f6gfr\u00e6\u00f0i. <\/em>B\u00f3ka\u00fatg\u00e1fan CODEX, Reykjav\u00edk.<\/p>\n

Gar\u00f0ar Baldvinsson. 2006. Ertu a\u00f0 skilja? <\/em>GB \u00fatg\u00e1fa ehf., Reykjav\u00edk.<\/p>\n

Gunnar G. Schram. 1999. Stj\u00f3rnskipunarr\u00e9ttur. <\/em>H\u00e1sk\u00f3la\u00fatg\u00e1fan, Reykjav\u00edk.<\/p>\n

Hrefna Fri\u00f0riksd\u00f3ttir. 2013. Handb\u00f3k \u2013 Barnal\u00f6g nr. 76\/2003 me\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0ari breytingum.<\/em> \u00dalflj\u00f3tur, Reykjav\u00edk.<\/p>\n

P\u00e1ll Sigur\u00f0sson. 2008. L\u00f6gfr\u00e6\u00f0ior\u00f0ab\u00f3kin. <\/em>B\u00f3ka\u00fatg\u00e1fan CODEX – \u00a0Lagastofnun H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands, Reykjav\u00edk.<\/p>\n

P\u00e1ll Hreinsson. 2019. M\u00e1lsme\u00f0fer\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnvalda. <\/em>Fons Juris \u00fatg\u00e1fa ehf., Reykjav\u00edk.<\/p>\n

\u00deyr\u00ed Halla Steingr\u00edmsd\u00f3ttir: \u201e\u00dea\u00f0 sem barninu er fyrir bestu\u201c. \u00dalflj\u00f3tur \u2013 t\u00edmarit laganema <\/em>(2004).<\/p>\n

\u00deingskj\u00f6l, l\u00f6g og Al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0asamningar:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Frumvarp til barnaverndarlaga, 318. m\u00e1l, \u00feingskjal 403 \u00e1 127. l\u00f6ggjafar\u00feingi 2001\u20132002.<\/p>\n

Frumvarp til barnalaga, 180. m\u00e1l, \u00feingskjal 181 \u00e1 128. l\u00f6ggjafar\u00feingi 2002\u20132003.<\/p>\n

Frumvarp til laga um vernd barna og ungmenna, 422. m\u00e1l, \u00feingskjal 680 \u00e1 115. l\u00f6ggjafar\u00feingi 1991-1992.<\/p>\n

Frumvarp til laga um \u00e6ttlei\u00f0ingar, 68. m\u00e1l, \u00feingskjal 68 \u00e1 125. l\u00f6ggjafar\u00feingi 1999\u20132000.<\/p>\n

Barnal\u00f6g nr. 76\/2003.<\/p>\n

Barnaverndarl\u00f6g nr. 80\/2002.<\/p>\n

L\u00f6g um G\u00e6\u00f0a- og eftirlitsstofnun velfer\u00f0arm\u00e1la nr. 88\/2021.<\/p>\n

L\u00f6g um mannr\u00e9ttindas\u00e1ttm\u00e1la Evr\u00f3pu nr. 62\/1994.<\/p>\n

L\u00f6g um samning Sameinu\u00f0u \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0anna um r\u00e9ttindi barnsins nr. 19\/2013.<\/p>\n

L\u00f6g um umbo\u00f0smann Al\u00feingis nr. 85\/1997.<\/p>\n

Stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1 L\u00fd\u00f0veldisins \u00cdslands nr. 33\/1944.<\/p>\n

Stj\u00f3rns\u00fdslul\u00f6g nr. 37\/1993.<\/p>\n

D\u00f3mar:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u00f3mur H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar \u00ed m\u00e1li nr. 83\/2003, sem kve\u00f0inn var upp 19. j\u00fan\u00ed 2003.<\/p>\n

D\u00f3mur H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar \u00ed m\u00e1li nr. 459\/2015, sem kve\u00f0inn var upp 13. \u00e1g\u00fast 2015.<\/p>\n

D\u00f3mur H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar \u00ed m\u00e1li nr. 15\/2017, sem kve\u00f0inn var upp 15. feb. 2017.<\/p>\n

D\u00f3mur H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar \u00ed m\u00e1li nr. 334\/2017, sem kve\u00f0inn var upp 21. j\u00fan\u00ed 2017.<\/p>\n

D\u00f3mur H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar \u00ed m\u00e1li nr. 654\/2017, sem kve\u00f0inn var upp 26. okt. 2017.<\/p>\n

D\u00f3mur H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar \u00ed m\u00e1li nr. 782\/2017, sem kve\u00f0inn var upp 8. jan\u00faar 2018.<\/p>\n

D\u00f3mur Landsr\u00e9ttar \u00ed m\u00e1li nr. 128\/2018, sem kve\u00f0inn var upp 18. ma\u00ed 2018.<\/p>\n

D\u00f3mur Landsr\u00e9ttar \u00ed m\u00e1li nr. 673\/2018, sem kve\u00f0inn var upp 25. jan\u00faar 2019.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Inngangsor\u00f0 samnings Sameinu\u00f0u \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0anna um r\u00e9ttindi barnsins, sbr. l\u00f6g nr. 19\/2013.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Gunnar G. Schram: Stj\u00f3rnskipunarr\u00e9ttur, <\/em>1999: bls. 540.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Frumvarp a\u00f0 l\u00f6gum um \u00e6ttlei\u00f0ingar, \u00feingskjal nr. 68\/1999-2000.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> Gunnar G. Schram: Stj\u00f3rnskipunarr\u00e9ttur, <\/em>1999: bls. 540, 542.<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> Hrefna Fri\u00f0riksd\u00f3ttir: Handb\u00f3k, <\/em>2013: bls. 10.<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> Lrd. 25. jan\u00faar 2019 (673\/2018).<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> Gar\u00f0ar Baldvinsson: Ertu a\u00f0 skilja?,<\/em> 2006: bls. 29.<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> Bj\u00f6rg Thorarensen: Fri\u00f0helgi einkal\u00edfs og fj\u00f6lskyldu og r\u00e9ttur til a\u00f0 stofna til hj\u00faskapar, <\/em>2005: bls. 301.<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> Frumvarp til barnaverndarlaga, \u00feingskjal nr. 403\/2001-2002.<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> Hrefna Fri\u00f0riksd\u00f3ttir: Handb\u00f3k, <\/em>2013: bls. 77 og 79.<\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> Frumvarp til barnalaga, \u00feingskjal nr. 181\/2002-2003.<\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> Lrd. 25. jan\u00faar 2019 (673\/2018).<\/p>\n

[13]<\/a> Frumvarp til barnaverndarlaga, \u00feingskjal nr. 403\/2001-2002.<\/p>\n

[14]<\/a> Hrefna Fri\u00f0riksd\u00f3ttir: Handb\u00f3k, <\/em>2013: bls. 180.<\/p>\n

[15]<\/a> Frumvarp til barnalaga, \u00feingskjal nr. 181\/2002-2003.<\/p>\n

[16]<\/a> Frumvarp til laga um vernd barna og ungmenna, \u00feingskjal nr. 115\/1991-1992<\/p>\n

[17]<\/a> Frumvarp til barnaverndarlaga, \u00feingskjal nr. 403\/2001-2002.<\/p>\n

[18]<\/a> UA 3. ma\u00ed 1989 (66\/1988)<\/p>\n

[19]<\/a> Hrd. 26. mars 1999 (511\/1998)<\/p>\n

[20]<\/a> \u00c1lit umbo\u00f0smanns barna \u00e1 umgengni barns \u00ed varanlegu f\u00f3stri vi\u00f0 foreldri, dags. 25. mars 2014.<\/p>\n

[21]<\/a> L\u00f6gfr\u00e6\u00f0ior\u00f0ab\u00f3k, bls. 281 og 419.<\/p>\n

[22]<\/a> Um l\u00f6g og r\u00e9tt, bls. 116-117.<\/p>\n

[23]<\/a> Um l\u00f6g og r\u00e9tt, bls. 119.<\/p>\n

[24]<\/a> M\u00e1lsme\u00f0fer\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnvalda, bls. 39.<\/p>\n

[25]<\/a> Hrd. 19. j\u00fan\u00ed 2003 (83\/2003).<\/p>\n

[26]<\/a> UA 27. n\u00f3vember 2002 (3609\/2002).<\/p>\n

[27]<\/a> M\u00e1lsme\u00f0fer\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnvalda, bls. 129.<\/p>\n

[28]<\/a> Um l\u00f6g og r\u00e9tt, bls. 134-135.<\/p>\n

[29]<\/a> Um l\u00f6g og r\u00e9tt, bls. 143-147.<\/p>\n

[30]<\/a> \u00deyr\u00ed Halla Steingr\u00edmsd\u00f3ttir, bls. 185 og 193.<\/p>\n

[31]<\/a> Bj\u00f6rg Thorarensen: Sta\u00f0a H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar \u00ed \u00fer\u00edgreindu r\u00edkisvaldi og eftirlit me\u00f0 valdm\u00f6rkum …<\/em>, 2020: bls. 84, 86.<\/p>\n

[32]<\/a> Lrd. 25. jan\u00faar 2019 (673\/2018).<\/p>\n

[33]<\/a> Hrd. 13. \u00e1g\u00fast 2015 (459\/2015).<\/p>\n

[34]<\/a> Athugasemdir Barnaverndarstofu, dags. 9. september 2014, \u00ed m\u00e1li 2014040022\/37.<\/p>\n

[35]<\/a> \u00c1lit umbo\u00f0smanns barna \u00e1 umgengni barns \u00ed varanlegu f\u00f3stri vi\u00f0 foreldri, dags. 25. mars 2014.<\/p>\n

[36]<\/a> Hrd. 13. \u00e1g\u00fast 2015 (459\/2015).<\/p>\n

[37]<\/a> Hrd. 15. febr\u00faar 2017 (15\/2017).<\/p>\n

[38]<\/a> Hrd. 8. jan\u00faar 2018 (782\/2017).<\/p>\n

[39]<\/a> Lrd. 25. jan\u00faar 2019 (673\/2018).<\/p>\n

[40]<\/a> Lrd. 25. jan\u00faar 2019 (673\/2018).<\/p>\n

[41]<\/a> Lrd. 18. ma\u00ed 2018 (128\/2018).<\/p>\n

[42]<\/a> Hrd. 21. j\u00fan\u00ed 2017 (334\/2017).<\/p>\n

[43]<\/a> Hrd. 26. okt\u00f3ber 2017 (654\/2017).<\/p>\n

[44]<\/a> Lrd. 18. ma\u00ed 2018 (128\/2018).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Fri\u00f0helgi fj\u00f6lskyldunnar eru mannr\u00e9ttindi sem n\u00e1 til fj\u00f6lskyldunnar \u00ed v\u00ed\u00f0um skilningi og \u00fev\u00ed m\u00e1 ekki sundra fj\u00f6lskyldu gegn vilja fj\u00f6lskyldume\u00f0limanna nema a\u00f0skilna\u00f0ur s\u00e9 nau\u00f0syn\u00adlegur me\u00f0 tilliti til hagsmuna barnsins. \u00der\u00e1tt fyrir a\u00f0 \u00feessi r\u00e9ttur s\u00e9 varinn af stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1nni og mannr\u00e9ttindasamningum vir\u00f0ast forsj\u00e1rlausir foreldrar standa uppi r\u00e9ttlausir gagnvart barni s\u00ednu ef forsj\u00e1rforeldri afsalar s\u00e9r forsj\u00e1 barnsins til barnaverndar\u00fej\u00f3nustu. H\u00e9r ver\u00f0ur fari\u00f0 yfir \u00feau l\u00f6g og l\u00f6gsk\u00fdringarg\u00f6gn sem vi\u00f0 eiga um \u00feessi mikilv\u00e6gu r\u00e9ttindi og m\u00e1l tveggja forsj\u00e1rlausra foreldra reifu\u00f0 til a\u00f0 varpa lj\u00f3si \u00e1 hvernig sta\u00f0an er \u00ed raun. \u00dev\u00ed forsj\u00e1rlausir foreldra hafa verulega takm\u00f6rku\u00f0 \u00farr\u00e6\u00f0i til a\u00f0 leita r\u00e9ttar s\u00edns gagnvart barni s\u00ednu vi\u00f0 \u00feessar a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur og \u00fev\u00ed mikilv\u00e6gt a\u00f0 breyta l\u00f6gum til a\u00f0 tryggja sem best r\u00e9ttindi foreldra \u00ed \u00feessari st\u00f6\u00f0u.<\/p>\n

Familial integrity is a human right adhering to family in the broader sense and families cannot therefore be divided lawfully without their members consent, unless the separation is necessary in regards to a child\u2019s best interest. In spite of familial integrity being protected by the constitution and human rights conventions, non-custodial parents seem to be without parental rights if the custodial parent conveys custody to child protection services. This review of legislation and explanatory documents regarding these important rights and two case studies of non-custodial parents will shed light on the current situation. Non-custodial parents have very limited options to guarantee their rights towards their child in these circumstances, and it is therefore important to change the law in order to best guarantee the rights of parents in this situation.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":678,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2226,2228],"tags":[2435,2440,2441,2438,2436,2434,2433,2439,2437,2442],"coauthors":[2432],"class_list":["post-26839","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-volume-18-no-2-2023","category-article-double-blind-peer-review-volume-18-no-2-2023","tag-barnavernd","tag-child-protection-service","tag-custody","tag-familial-integrity","tag-forsja","tag-forsjarlaust-foreldri","tag-fridhelgi-fjolskyldunnar","tag-non-custodial-parent","tag-umgengni","tag-visitation"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nome.unak.is\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26839","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nome.unak.is\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nome.unak.is\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nome.unak.is\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/678"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nome.unak.is\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26839"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/nome.unak.is\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26839\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26841,"href":"https:\/\/nome.unak.is\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26839\/revisions\/26841"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nome.unak.is\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26839"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nome.unak.is\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26839"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nome.unak.is\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26839"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nome.unak.is\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=26839"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}