{"id":18096,"date":"2022-12-29T10:19:57","date_gmt":"2022-12-29T10:19:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nome.unak.is\/wordpress\/?p=18096"},"modified":"2023-03-10T14:29:57","modified_gmt":"2023-03-10T14:29:57","slug":"universities-democracy-and-the-arctic-a-changed-worldview","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nome.unak.is\/wordpress\/volume-17-no-4-2022\/universities-democracy-and-the-arctic-a-changed-worldview\/","title":{"rendered":"Universities, Democracy and the Arctic \u2013 A changed worldview"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\t
\n\n\t\t<\/i><\/span> <\/a>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/b>Prof. Birgir Gu\u00f0mundsson, guest editor<\/h5>\n

This special issue of Nordicum-Mediterraneum contains articles based on five lectures that were delivered at a conference held on the occasion of Mr. \u00d3lafur Ragnar Gr\u00edmsson being awarded an honorary doctorate in the field of social sciences by the School of Humanities and Social Sciences at the University of Akureyri on September 30, 2022.<\/p>\n

\u00d3lafur Ragnar Gr\u00edmsson has left a deep mark on Iceland\u2019s history in his successful career as a scholar, head of state, international politician and pioneer in discussions about the Arctic. The lectures contained in this edition reflect these aspects of his work in numerous ways.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Mr. Gr\u00edmsson was a pioneer in the field of social sciences in Iceland, becoming an assistant professor in political science at the University of Iceland in 1970 and a professor three years later. He gained an international reputation early on as a researcher in political science, publishing many scientific articles in Icelandic and international journals.<\/p>\n

Mr. Gr\u00edmsson\u2019s participation in politics has also been very significant, both at the national and international level. During his political career, Mr. Gr\u00edmsson was an editor, a member of parliament, a cabinet minister and the chairman of the socialist party the People\u2019s Alliance from 1987\u20131995. He also operated in the international arena, among other things representing the international parliamentarian organization Parliamentarians for Global Action for a number of years.<\/p>\n

Mr. Gr\u00edmsson\u2019s presidency was unique in many ways and marked a turning point in various fields. Not only did he hold office for longer than any of his predecessors, but many of his decisions and interpretations of the constitution marked a turning point. In this regard, his interpretation of the provisions of the constitution on the president\u2019s authority to refuse ratification of laws are of particular interest.<\/p>\n

The issues of the Arctic have long been close to Mr. Gr\u00edmsson\u2019s heart, and in recent years he has played a key role in putting matters of the Arctic on the international community\u2019s agenda. One of his most noteworthy contributions is founding the Arctic Circle, the largest and most important forum for international discussion about cooperation and the future of the Arctic, and in fact the entire Earth.<\/p>\n

On the occasion of the awarding of the honorary title, a symposium was held under the title \u201cUniversities, democracy and the North \u2013 a changing worldview\u201d at the University of Akureyri, with the articles that appear here being, as mentioned above, based on papers at this symposium. The lectures were delivered in Icelandic and are published here in Icelandic. However, this introduction and presentation of the papers is also published here in English.<\/p>\n

Albert J\u00f3nsson:<\/strong> In his article, Mr. J\u00f3nsson analyzes the changes that have taken place in the worldview of the Arctic in recent months and years, not least after the Russian invasion of Ukraine. He comes to the conclusion that international politics and the structure of the international system have changed in important respects. Among other things, he mentions the entry of Sweden and Finland into NATO and the fact that the Arctic Council effectively became non-functional. However, he considers that changes in the Earth\u2019s weather system, with the opening of the Arctic Ocean to navigation, are no less significant. According to Mr. J\u00f3nsson, the central role of the Arctic is set to increase further with more connections between the Asia-Pacific region and the Euro-Atlantic region through the Arctic Ocean. Thus, many opportunities and dangers will be created for nations and states in the Arctic, not least economic, so that it can be expected that the Arctic will become an arena of global politics and tension no later than in the mid-21st century.<\/p>\n

Gu\u00f0r\u00fan Geirsd\u00f3ttir:<\/strong> The article provides an overview of the research project Universities and democracy: A critical analysis of the civic role of universities in a democratic society, which received a three-year grant from the Rann\u00eds Research Foundation in the spring of 2018. In the study, an interdisciplinary group of scholars sought answers to whether and what role universities play in a democratic society. Data was obtained through a philosophical analysis of the concepts of democracy and universities and the relationship between them, as well as through interviews with lecturers at three universities. Studies show that universities play a variety of important roles in promoting and strengthening democratic societies. The article gives several examples of different aspects of the research and their results.<\/p>\n

\u00d3lafur Har\u00f0arson:<\/strong> In his article, Mr. Har\u00f0arson traces the beginning of teaching in the social sciences in the Social Studies Program at the University of Iceland from the 1970s onwards. He then traces how this co-teaching in political science and sociology developed in the 1970s and 1980s, becoming more meaningful and acquiring a clearer institutional framework, and during the reorganization of the structure of the University of Iceland in 2008, it became the university\u2019s most populous department. Mr. Har\u00f0arson highlights how the three initial main goals of teaching political science \u2013 that the BA program meet international requirements, that research be carried out on the Icelandic government system, and that a connection be formed with the international academic community of political science \u2013 were fulfilled one after the other. In his article, Mr. Har\u00f0arson traces the main points that have been written about the development of Icelandic political science, using an overview from an article that \u00d3lafur Ragnar Gr\u00edmsson wrote in 1977 about ten projects and research areas that awaited Icelandic political scientists. Mr. Har\u00f0arson covers these areas one by one and gives an account of the research and writing on each of them separately, providing a comprehensive and general overview of the research and academic writing of political science.<\/p>\n

Ragnhei\u00f0ur Elfa \u00deorsteinsd\u00f3ttir:<\/strong> Constitution and changes to the constitution in a democratic context are the main topics of Ms. \u00deorsteinsd\u00f3ttir\u2019s article. She reviews theoretical ideas about the role of the constitution and how they limit democracy. In particular, Ms. \u00deorsteinsd\u00f3ttir examines and evaluates their importance in ensuring that democratic rights and tempering majoritarianism are ensured so that oppression is not created due to the unbridled totalitarianism of the majority. She then discusses the situation in Iceland, where there has been a debate for decades about including provisions on natural resources in the constitution. She points out that there is a fairly clear national will for such a provision, but the decision-making power rests with Parliament, which has not agreed on its implementation. Ms. \u00deorsteinsd\u00f3ttir considers this one of the manifestations of majoritarianism, giving rise to the question whether the parliament elected by the people can circumvent the will of the people.<\/p>\n

\u00deorsteinn Gunnarsson:<\/strong> In his article, Mr. \u00deorsteinn Gunnarsson reviews the development of Arctic studies over the past 30 years and gives an account of the main definitions of what the Arctic is and what the studies of this part of the world center on. Mr. Gunnarsson identifies three separate periods in this development. The first is 1990\u20131999, which Mr. Gunnarsson calls \u201cAt the Arctic edge\u201d, is characterized by the development of basic infrastructure and knowledge in the field of the discipline. The second period extends from the turn of the century until 2010 and is characterized by the infrastructure being consolidated, creating an international debate, based on Arctic studies. The Northern Research Forum, the Arctic Circle and Mr. \u00d3lafur Ragnar Gr\u00edmsson play a very important role in this respect. Mr. Gunnarsson calls this period \u201cIn the far north\u201d. The third period is 2011\u20132022, which Mr. Gunnarsson calls \u201cThe Arctic around the world\u201d and is characterized by the rapidly growth of international cooperation, e.g., with researchers outside the Arctic. In his presentation, Mr. Gunnarsson specifically discusses the role of Mr. \u00d3lafur Ragnar Gr\u00edmsson in the development of Arctic studies and the Arctic debate.<\/p>\n

As is evident, the lectures span a wide range and are connected in different ways to various aspects of Mr. \u00d3lafur Ragnar Gr\u00edmsson\u2019s life work. However, all the lectures are particularly interesting and hold meaning for laypeople and academics. Therefore, we want to make them available by publishing them in this special issue of Nordicum-Mediterraneum.<\/p>\n

H\u00e1sk\u00f3lar, l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i og nor\u00f0ursl\u00f3\u00f0ir \u2013 breytt heimsmynd
\n– R\u00e1\u00f0stefnuerindi \u00ed tilefni hei\u00f0ursdoktorsnafnb\u00f3tar \u00d3lafs Ragnars Gr\u00edmssonar vi\u00f0 HA<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u00cd \u00feessu s\u00e9rhefti af Nordicum- Mediterraneum eru birtar greinar bygg\u00f0ar \u00e1 fimm erindum sem flutt voru \u00e1 r\u00e1\u00f0stefnu sem haldin var \u00ed tilefni af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 herra \u00d3lafi Ragnari Gr\u00edmssyni var veitt hei\u00f0ursdoktorsnafnb\u00f3t \u00e1 svi\u00f0i f\u00e9lagsv\u00edsinda af Hug-og f\u00e9lagsv\u00edsindasvi\u00f0 H\u00e1sk\u00f3lans \u00e1 Akureyri \u00feann 30. september 2022.<\/p>\n

\u00d3lafur Ragnar Gr\u00edmsson er hefur marka\u00f0 dj\u00fap spor \u00ed \u00cdslandss\u00f6guna \u00e1 fars\u00e6lum ferli sem fr\u00e6\u00f0ima\u00f0ur, \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0h\u00f6f\u00f0ingi, al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legur stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1lama\u00f0ur og frumkv\u00f6\u00f0ull \u00ed umr\u00e6\u00f0u um m\u00e1lefni nor\u00f0ursl\u00f3\u00f0a og kallast erindin me\u00f0 \u00fdmsum h\u00e6tti \u00e1 vi\u00f0 \u00feessa \u00fe\u00e6tti \u00ed starfi hans.<\/p>\n

\u00d3lafur Ragnar var brautry\u00f0jandi \u00e1 svi\u00f0i f\u00e9lagsv\u00edsinda \u00e1 \u00cdslandi og var\u00f0 lektor \u00ed stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1lafr\u00e6\u00f0i vi\u00f0 H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands 1970 og s\u00ed\u00f0an pr\u00f3fessor \u00feremur \u00e1rum seinna. Hann hasla\u00f0i s\u00e9r snemma al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legan v\u00f6ll sem nafn innan stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1lafr\u00e6\u00f0innar og eftir hann liggja margar fr\u00e6\u00f0igreinar \u00ed \u00edslenskum og erlendum t\u00edmaritum.<\/p>\n

\u00d3lafur hefur ekki a\u00f0eins rannsaka\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1lin, \u00fe\u00e1tttaka hans \u00ed \u00feeim hefur veri\u00f0 veruleg, b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00e1 innlendum og erlendum vettvangi. \u00c1 s\u00ednum p\u00f3lit\u00edska ferli var \u00d3lafur ritstj\u00f3ri, \u00feingma\u00f0ur og r\u00e1\u00f0herra og forma\u00f0ur Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ubandalagsins fr\u00e1 1987 \u2013 1995. Hann starfa\u00f0i jafnframt \u00e1 erlendum vettvangi og var m.a. um \u00e1rabil \u00ed forsvari fyrir al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legu \u00feingmannasamt\u00f6kin Parliamentarians for Global Action.<\/p>\n

Forsetat\u00ed\u00f0 \u00d3lafs Ragnars var um margt s\u00e9rst\u00f6k og marka\u00f0i t\u00edmam\u00f3t \u00e1 \u00fdmsum svi\u00f0um. Ekki einungis sat hann lengur en \u00e1\u00f0ur haf\u00f0i \u00feekkst heldur m\u00f6rku\u00f0u \u00fdmsar \u00e1kvar\u00f0anir hans og t\u00falkun \u00e1 stj\u00f3rnskipuninni t\u00edmam\u00f3t. M\u00e1 \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed sambandi nefna t\u00falkun hans \u00e1 \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0um stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1r um heimild forseta til a\u00f0 synja l\u00f6gum sta\u00f0festingar.<\/p>\n

M\u00e1lefni Nor\u00f0ursl\u00f3\u00f0a hafa lengi veri\u00f0 \u00d3lafi Ragnari hugleikin og \u00e1 umli\u00f0num \u00e1rum hefur hann veri\u00f0 \u00ed lykilhlutverki vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 setja \u00fe\u00e1 umr\u00e6\u00f0u \u00e1 dagskr\u00e1 al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0asamf\u00e9lagsins. \u00dear ber l\u00edklega h\u00e6st a\u00f0 hann er stofnandi Arctic Circle, st\u00e6rsta og mikilv\u00e6gasta vettvangs al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legrar umr\u00e6\u00f0u um samvinnu og framt\u00ed\u00f0 nor\u00f0ursl\u00f3\u00f0a og \u00ed raun jar\u00f0arinnar allrar.<\/p>\n

\u00cd tilefni af veitingu hei\u00f0ursnafnb\u00f3tarinnar var haldi\u00f0 m\u00e1l\u00feing undir yfirskriftinni \u201eH\u00e1sk\u00f3lar, l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i og Nor\u00f0ursl\u00f3\u00f0ir \u2013 breytt heimsmynd\u201d vi\u00f0 H\u00e1sk\u00f3lann \u00e1 Akureyri og eru greinarnar sem h\u00e9r birtast sem \u00e1\u00f0ur segir bygg\u00f0ar \u00e1 erindum \u00e1 r\u00e1\u00f0stefnunni. Erindin voru flutt \u00e1 \u00edslensku og eru h\u00e9r birt \u00e1 \u00edslensku. \u00deessi inngangur og kynning \u00e1 erindunum birtist h\u00e9r hins vegar jafnframt \u00e1 ensku.<\/p>\n

Albert J\u00f3nsson: <\/strong> \u00cd grein sinni greinir Albert \u00fe\u00e6r breytingar sem or\u00f0i\u00f0 hafa \u00e1 heimsmynd nor\u00f0ursl\u00f3\u00f0a \u00e1 undanf\u00f6rnum m\u00e1nu\u00f0um og misserum, ekki s\u00edst eftir innr\u00e1s R\u00fassa \u00ed \u00dakra\u00ednu. Hann kemst a\u00f0 \u00feeirri ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u a\u00f0 al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0astj\u00f3rnm\u00e1l og uppbygging al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0akerfisins hafi breyst \u00ed mikilv\u00e6gum atri\u00f0um. Nefnir hann m.a. inng\u00f6ngu Sv\u00eda og Finna \u00ed NATO og \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 Nor\u00f0urskautsr\u00e1\u00f0i\u00f0 var\u00f0 \u00ed raun \u00f3starfh\u00e6ft. En \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9u ekki s\u00ed\u00f0ur breytingar \u00ed ve\u00f0rakerfi Jar\u00f0ar sem s\u00e9u afdrifar\u00edkar me\u00f0 opnun Nor\u00f0ur- \u00cdshafs fyrir siglingum. Mi\u00f0l\u00e6gt hlutverk nor\u00f0ursl\u00f3\u00f0a eigi eftir a\u00f0 aukast enn frekar me\u00f0 frekari tengingum As\u00edu-Kyrrahafssv\u00e6\u00f0isins og Evr\u00f3-Atlantshafssv\u00e6\u00f0isins \u00ed gegnum Nor\u00f0ur-\u00cdshafi\u00f0. Vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 muni fj\u00f6lm\u00f6rg t\u00e6kif\u00e6ri og h\u00e6ttur skapast fyrir \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ir og r\u00edki \u00e1 nor\u00f0ursl\u00f3\u00f0um, ekki s\u00edst efnahagsleg, en b\u00faast megi vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 ekki s\u00ed\u00f0ar en um mi\u00f0ja \u00f6ldina ver\u00f0i nor\u00f0ursl\u00f3\u00f0ir or\u00f0inn vettvangur heimsp\u00f3lit\u00edkur og spennu.<\/p>\n

Gu\u00f0r\u00fan Geirsd\u00f3ttir:<\/strong> Greinin veitir yfirlit yfir ranns\u00f3knarverkefni\u00f0 H\u00e1sk\u00f3lar og l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i: Gagnr\u00fdnin greining \u00e1 borgaralegu hlutverki h\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00ed l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0is\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagi sem hlaut styrk til \u00feriggja \u00e1ra \u00far Ranns\u00f3knasj\u00f3\u00f0i Rann\u00eds vori\u00f0 2018. \u00cd ranns\u00f3kninni leita\u00f0i \u00feverfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegur h\u00f3pur fr\u00e6\u00f0imanna svara vi\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed hvort og \u00fe\u00e1 hva\u00f0a hlutverki h\u00e1sk\u00f3lar gegna \u00ed l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegu samf\u00e9lagi. Gagna var afla\u00f0 me\u00f0 heimspekilegri greiningu \u00e1 hugt\u00f6kunum l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i og h\u00e1sk\u00f3lar og tengslum \u00fear \u00e1 milli svo og me\u00f0 vi\u00f0t\u00f6lum vi\u00f0 h\u00e1sk\u00f3lakennara \u00ed \u00feremur h\u00e1sk\u00f3lum. Greiningar s\u00fdna a\u00f0 h\u00e1sk\u00f3lar gegna margs konar mikilv\u00e6gum hlutverkum vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 efla og styrkja l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0isleg samf\u00e9l\u00f6g. \u00cd greininni eru gefin nokkur d\u00e6mi um \u00f3l\u00edka \u00fe\u00e6tti ranns\u00f3knarinnar og ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur \u00feeirra.<\/p>\n

\u00d3lafur Har\u00f0arson:<\/strong> \u00cd grein sinni rekur \u00d3lafur Har\u00f0arson upphaf kennslu \u00ed f\u00e9lagsv\u00edsindum \u00ed N\u00e1msbraut \u00ed \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagsfr\u00e6\u00f0um vi\u00f0 H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands um og upp \u00far 1970. Hann rekur s\u00ed\u00f0an hvernig \u00feessi samkennsla \u00ed stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1lafr\u00e6\u00f0i og f\u00e9lagsfr\u00e6\u00f0i \u00fer\u00f3ast \u00e1 \u00e1ttunda og n\u00edunda \u00e1ratugnum og ver\u00f0ur bur\u00f0ugri og \u00f6\u00f0last sk\u00fdrari stofnanaumgj\u00f6r\u00f0 og er vi\u00f0 endurskipulagningu \u00e1 uppbyggingu H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands 2008 or\u00f0in a\u00f0 fj\u00f6lmennustu deild sk\u00f3lans. Hann dregur fram hvernig upphafleg \u00ferj\u00fa megin markmi\u00f0 um kennslu \u00ed stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1lafr\u00e6\u00f0i – a\u00f0 BA n\u00e1mi\u00f0 standist al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legar kr\u00f6fur, a\u00f0 stunda\u00f0ar ver\u00f0i ranns\u00f3knir \u00e1 \u00edslenska stj\u00f3rnkerfinu og a\u00f0 tengsl myndist vi\u00f0 al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legt fr\u00e6\u00f0asamf\u00e9lag stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1lafr\u00e6\u00f0innar – r\u00e6tast hvert af \u00f6\u00f0ru. \u00cd greininni rekur \u00d3lafur \u00fea\u00f0 helsta sem hefur veri\u00f0 skrifa\u00f0 um \u00fer\u00f3un \u00edslenskrar stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1lafr\u00e6\u00f0i og n\u00fdtir s\u00e9r yfirlit \u00far grein sem \u00d3lafur Ragnar Gr\u00edmsson skrifa\u00f0i \u00e1ri\u00f0 1977 um t\u00edu verkefni og ranns\u00f3knarsvi\u00f0 sem bi\u00f0u \u00edslenskra stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1lafr\u00e6\u00f0inga a\u00f0 vinna \u00ed. Fer hann yfir \u00feessi svi\u00f0 eitt af \u00f6\u00f0ru og gerir grein fyrir ranns\u00f3knum og skrifum \u00e1 hverju \u00feeirra fyrir sig \u00feannig a\u00f0 \u00far ver\u00f0ur heildst\u00e6tt og almennt yfirlit yfir ranns\u00f3knir og fr\u00e6\u00f0iskrif stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1lafr\u00e6\u00f0innar.<\/p>\n

Ragnhei\u00f0ur Elfa \u00deorsteinsd\u00f3ttir:<\/strong> Stj\u00f3rnskipun og breytingar \u00e1 stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1 \u00ed l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0isleg samhengi eru meginefni greinar Ragnhei\u00f0ar Elfu \u00deorsteinsd\u00f3ttur. H\u00fan fer yfir fr\u00e6\u00f0ilegar hugmyndir um hlutverk stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1r og hvernig \u00fe\u00e6r setja l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0inu skor\u00f0ur. S\u00e9rstaklega sko\u00f0ar h\u00fan og metur mikilv\u00e6gi \u00feeirra vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 tryggja a\u00f0 l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0isr\u00e9ttindi og tempra meirihlutar\u00e6\u00f0is \u00feannig a\u00f0 tryggt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 ekki skapist k\u00fagun vegna \u00f3beisla\u00f0s alr\u00e6\u00f0is meirihlutans. H\u00fan reifar s\u00ed\u00f0an st\u00f6\u00f0una \u00e1 \u00cdslandi \u00fear sem umr\u00e6\u00f0a og hefur \u00ed \u00e1ratugi veri\u00f0 mikil um a\u00f0 setja \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i um um n\u00e1tt\u00faruau\u00f0lindir \u00ed stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1. Bendir h\u00fan \u00e1 a\u00f0 nokku\u00f0 greinilegur \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arvilji s\u00e9 fyrir sl\u00edku \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i en \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0unarvaldi\u00f0 s\u00e9 hj\u00e1 Al\u00feingi, sem ekki hafi komi\u00f0 s\u00e9r saman um \u00fatf\u00e6rslu. \u00deetta s\u00e9 \u00ed raun ein birtingarmynd meirihlutar\u00e6\u00f0isins og spurningin vakni hvort \u00feingi\u00f0 sem kosi\u00f0 er af \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0inni geti sni\u00f0gengi\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arvilja?<\/p>\n

\u00deorsteinn Gunnarsson:<\/strong> \u00cd grein sinni fer \u00deorsteinn Gunnarsson yfir \u00fer\u00f3un nor\u00f0ursl\u00f3\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0a undanfarin 30 \u00e1r og gerir grein fyrir helstu skilgreiningum \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed hva\u00f0 nor\u00f0ursl\u00f3\u00f0ir eru og um hva\u00f0 \u00feau fr\u00e6\u00f0i fjalla sem kennd eru vi\u00f0 \u00feennan heimshluta. \u00deorsteinn greinir \u00ferj\u00fa a\u00f0skilin t\u00edmabil \u00ed \u00feessari \u00fer\u00f3un. \u00dea\u00f0 fyrsta er 1990-1999 og nefnir \u00deorsteinn \u00fea\u00f0 \u201eVi\u00f0 nyrstu sj\u00f3narr\u00f6nd\u201c og einkennist af uppbygginu \u00e1 grundvallar innvi\u00f0um og \u00feekkingu \u00e1 svi\u00f0i fr\u00e6\u00f0igreinarinnar. Anna\u00f0 t\u00edmabili\u00f0 n\u00e6r fr\u00e1 aldam\u00f3tum fram til 2010 og einkennist af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 innvi\u00f0ir eru treystir og sk\u00f6pu\u00f0 al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0leg umr\u00e6\u00f0u, bygg\u00f0a \u00e1 nor\u00f0ursl\u00f3\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0um. H\u00e9r spilar Ranns\u00f3knar\u00feing Nor\u00f0ursins , Hringbor\u00f0 nor\u00f0ursl\u00f3\u00f0a og \u00d3lafur Ragnar Gr\u00edmsson mj\u00f6g mikilv\u00e6gt hlutverk. \u00deetta t\u00edmabil kallar \u00deorsteinn \u201e\u00cd fjarska nor\u00f0ursins\u201c. \u00deri\u00f0ja t\u00edmabili\u00f0 er svo 2011-2022, sem \u00deorsteinn kallar \u201eNor\u00f0ursl\u00f3\u00f0 um ver\u00f6ld v\u00ed\u00f0a\u201c og einkennist af hra\u00f0vaxandi al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0asamstarfi m.a. vi\u00f0 ranns\u00f3knaa\u00f0ila utan nor\u00f0ursl\u00f3\u00f0a. \u00cd erindi s\u00ednu fjallar \u00deorsteinn s\u00e9rstaklega um \u00fe\u00e1tt \u00d3lafs Ragnars Gr\u00edmssonar \u00ed uppbyggingu nor\u00f0ursl\u00e1\u00f0a fr\u00e6\u00f0a og nor\u00f0ursl\u00e1\u00f0aumr\u00e6\u00f0u.<\/p>\n

Eins og sj\u00e1 m\u00e1 spanna erindin v\u00edtt svi\u00f0 og tengjast me\u00f0 \u00f3l\u00edkum h\u00e6tti \u00fdmsum \u00fe\u00e1ttum \u00ed \u00e6vistarfi \u00d3lafs Ragnars Gr\u00edmssonar. \u00d6ll eru erindin \u00fe\u00f3 s\u00e9rlega \u00e1hugaver\u00f0 og eiga erindi vi\u00f0 \u00e1hugaf\u00f3lk og fr\u00e6\u00f0imenn. \u00dev\u00ed viljum vi\u00f0 gera \u00feau a\u00f0gengileg me\u00f0 birtingu \u00ed \u00feessu s\u00e9rhefti af Nordicum- Mediterraneum<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Birgir Gu\u00f0mundsson, gestaritstj\u00f3ri <\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0Prof. Birgir Gu\u00f0mundsson, guest editor This special issue of Nordicum-Mediterraneum contains articles based on five lectures that were delivered at a conference held on the occasion of Mr. \u00d3lafur Ragnar Gr\u00edmsson being awarded an honorary doctorate in the field of social sciences by the School of Humanities and Social Sciences at the University of Akureyri … Continue reading Universities, Democracy and the Arctic \u2013 A changed worldview<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":315,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2223,2224],"tags":[2317,2311,2315,2310,2318],"coauthors":[1046],"class_list":["post-18096","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-volume-17-no-4-2022","category-introductory-note-volume-17-no-4-2022","tag-haskolar","tag-heidursdoktor","tag-nordurslodir","tag-olafur-ragnar","tag-stjornmalafraedi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nome.unak.is\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18096","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nome.unak.is\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nome.unak.is\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nome.unak.is\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/315"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nome.unak.is\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18096"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/nome.unak.is\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18096\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18155,"href":"https:\/\/nome.unak.is\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18096\/revisions\/18155"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nome.unak.is\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18096"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nome.unak.is\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18096"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nome.unak.is\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18096"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nome.unak.is\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=18096"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}